Forgive and Forget Essay - 883 Words

The rage that first overtook Achilles in the Iliad eventually subsides to compromise with his king, reconciliation with his enemies, and complete acceptance of his fate. The quarrel that incites Achilles anger is never resolved but is instead put into the past by a compromise with Agamemnon. Achilles anger over the death of Patrokolus rages until the death and disgrace of Hector. Only through avenging his fallen comrade can Achilles accept his fate and quell his fury. After the disgrace of Hector and the ransoming of his body, a complete and meaningful reconciliation between Priam and Achilles resolves the epic. All the rage, death, and destruction of the Iliad are ended in a quiet and meaningful reconciliation between Priam and†¦show more content†¦Achilles has lost what is most dear to him, his friend and lover Patrokolus. Lying in the arms of his fallen comrade, Achilles is visited by his mother, who brings replacement armor from the god Hephaestus and words of advi ce. quot;Go then and summon into assembly the fighting Achaeans,/ and unsay your anger against Agamemnonquot; (I,19.34-35) . Achilles, realizing his quarrel has indirectly led to the death of Patrokolus, is willing to make amends now in order to avenge his friend: quot;Son of Atreus... Now I am making an end of my anger. It does not become me unrelentingly to rage onquot; (I.19,56-68). Agamemnon, too proud to make true reconciliation, compromises, blaming his hateful words on the gods. quot;The Achaeans have spoken often against me/ and found fault with me in it, yet I am not responsible/ but Zeus is, and Destiny, and Erinys the mist-walking/ who in assembly caught my ear in the savage delusion/ on that day I myself stripped from him the prize of Achillesquot; (I.19,85-89). Reconciliation between the king and Achilles is more of a compromise than true reconciliation. Agamemnon still refuses to accept any personal responsibility for the argument, while Achilles wishes quot;to remember our joy in war craft immediatelyquot; (I.19,148) and fight for the vengeance of his fallen Patrokolus. Still seething with anger, Achilles redirects his energy to fulfilling his fate by killing Hector. In killing Hector, AchillesShow MoreRelatedWe can Forgive but We Cant Forget1635 Words   |  6 Pageswould be able to forgive him for abandoning his own family with not enough resources to survive. I would like to think I would because I acknowledged and overcame what had happened to my family and chose to move forward without dwelling in hatred and anger. I forgave, but I did not forget. According to Lewis B. Smedes, a Christian author, ethicist, and theologian, â€Å"Forgiving does not erase the bitter past. A healed memory is not a deleted memory. Instead, forgiving what we cannot forget creates a newRead MoreEssay on Forgive But Never Forget - Personal Narrative749 Words   |  3 PagesForgive But Never Forget - Personal Narrative There he was standing in the doorway of our house, a stranger to my mother and I, his shadow looming over me. His face, distraught and lonely, faced my mother who sat there crying on her chair as she had done for many nights for many years. In his right hand a black worn suitcase with a RAF badge on it, in his other a briefcase. A black hat was trapped beneath his armpit. He was a well-dressed man with a pitch-black suitRead MoreForgive and Forget in The Poisonwood Bible by Nathan Price Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pages People are taught to â€Å"forgive and forget† in order to be happy, afterall living with a grudge can being a serious damper in ones life. It may be easy to forgive a friend, or even a stranger depending on the situation, but what if the person that had to be forgiven was themselves? In the Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingsolver, the story is told through multiple points of view. Each member of the Price family is noticeably different, and each have their own inner demons. As each character is unlikeRead Moreâ€Å"Forgive Your Enemies, But Never Forget Their Names.† –John1302 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Forgive your enemies, but never forget their names.† –John F Kennedy This quote was said by a man who was once someone that the American people would call the 35th President of the United States. John F. Kennedy was a very young President, as well as a very good looking president. Women would swoon over the idea of John F. Kennedy but also be jealous of his wife that he was married to at the time. John F. Kennedy is well known for his affair with Marilyn Monroe the world’s leading bombshell blondeRead MorePersuasive Essay On The Sunflower1181 Words   |  5 Pagesto my house and then he would sleep on the floor and I would sleep on the bed. One week later I found out about his â€Å"fix† to the pain, I was initially hurt but decided to try the â€Å"forgive and forget† method. At first this caused me to check his phone, be over cautious and untrusting. But eventually I did the whole â€Å"forgive† part, I stopped checking his phone and gave him my â€Å"trust†. I still checked his phone secretly. Next I tried †Å"forgetting† I thought that if I pretended it didn’t happen then weRead MoreForgiveness Is An Important And Influential Part Of Forgiving Others865 Words   |  4 Pagesthe process it takes in order to forgive someone varies on the severity of the incident as well as the relationship the person has with the perpetrator. I am amazed by all of the different ways forgiveness is used and interpreted. If it was not for the opinion and view of my classmates as well as the large amounts of research done, I would not be able to see things as broadly as I do now. I originally wrote about a study that was conducted on what it takes to forgive someone, the mental and physicalRead MoreDgrwtrw1526 Words   |  7 Pagesthis quote means being able to forgive a person actually allow the person forgiving to begin the healing process, but this does not mean that the person forget what damage it has caused them. In psychology, â€Å"forgiveness is a process that involves the change in emotions and attitudes regarding the offender.† This definition of forgiveness points out that forgiveness is a personal choice and is not dependent on the person who is receiving this forgiveness. You can forgive and move on with your life toRead MorePersuasive Essay : The Power Of Forgiveness?701 Words   |  3 PagesJonathan Lockwood Hule once said, â€Å"Forgive others, not because they deserve forgiveness, but because you deserve peace.† Not forgiving only means that you’re hurting yourself. Forgiveness is one of the most difficult things that one can do in their lives, but there are myriad of things to do if you want to feel free in your life. The word â€Å"forgive† makes people wonder if forgiveness is something that can just come easily to one’s heart. The word â€Å"forgive,† which has the meaning of grantingRead MoreDivorce And Its Effects On Children896 Words   |  4 Pagesfamily, and society, 2013) The best ways to solve, or at least minimize, divorcing statistics are: marriage counseling, biblical or not (before as well as during marriage), communication between the children as well as both spouses, and to â€Å"forgive and forget†. The first way to help prevent divorce is to have marriage counseling. Some couples may choose to have biblically based counseling sessions. Adding God into the way the counseling is incorporated into the lives of the couple help them findRead MoreThe Sunflower Essay787 Words   |  4 PagesTut. Karl wanted a Jew to confess to. Simon Wiesenthal walked in the room and was talking to Karl. Karl wanted to cleanse himself, he was asking for forgiveness for all the sins he has done. Karl wanted to talk to Simon because he thought he could forgive for the other Jews. Simon just walked out of the room. Karl’s father died in a factory, it was bombed and he passed away only his mother lives. Simon left the Hospital and keeps thinking of the ss man’s crime and if he should have a sunflower. A sunflower

President George Bush s No Child Left Behind Act Of 2007

Politics have made up a large part of public education in the United States of America since Anglo-Saxons came over from Europe. The effects that politics and governmental policies have had on public education have been evident throughout the history of the United States and are still apparent today. Beginning with assimilation and acculturation in the 17th century and continuing on to programs such as President George Bush’s No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 and the Mississippi Healthy Students Act of 2007, it is clear that governmental policies have and will always affect public education in the United States. As many European settlers made America their new home, their main goal was to assimilate Natives and create a country based off of their strong Catholic beliefs. Native Americans were torn from their cultures and were forced to learn the ways of the Europeans. Public schools first began in America when the Anglo-Saxons created schools for Native American children to be stripped from their own cultures and hurled into that of the Europeans. While times changed in America, the effects of government policies on public education only became stronger. Robert N. Gross discusses the rising of parochial schools in the progressive era due to the effects governmental influences in public schools in his article â€Å"Public Regulation and the Origins of Modern School-Choice Policies in the Progressive Era†. Gross says: â€Å"Mass Catholic schooling in the United States originated as aShow MoreRelatedEssay on George W. Bush935 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge W. Bush George Walker Bush is the son of the 41st President George H. W. Bush and Barbara Bush. Born on July 6, 1946, Bush was raised in Houston, Texas and was the oldest of four children. Bush finished his high school years at Phillips Academy, which was an all-male boarding school in Andover, Massachusetts, where he was the head cheerleader during his senior year. Bush went to college at Yale University from 1964 till his graduation in 1968 where he finished with a Bachelor’s degree inRead More No Child Left Behind Will Reform Our Educational System Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesNo Child Left Behind Will Reform Our Educational System (this essay is missing the works cited) Just three days after taking office in January of 2001 as the forty third president of the United States, George W. Bush announced his plan of No Child Left Behind. Signed January 8, 2002, it was the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, the central federal law in pre-collegiate education. (Rebora) No Child Left Behind cleared Congress in a landslide with overwhelming majoritiesRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act Essay2157 Words   |  9 PagesSummary The paper is fundamental as it looks at the No Child Left Behind Act that was put into practice because the American education system was no longer internationally competitive. The outcome of the challenge is the federal education system function was increased towards holding schools accountable for the academic progress of all students. The implication here is that the No Child Left Behind Act focused primarily on states and schools, so as to boost the performance of different groups ofRead MoreBarack Obama s President Of The United States1504 Words   |  7 Pageselected to be president of the United States, he made promises to the public but did not deliver after being in the office. According to Mark Engler, author of â€Å"Obama’s Broken Resolutions,† Obama promised to close Guantanamo Bay in front of a crowd of 1,000 on June of 2007 during his campaign election (Engler 53). Engler quoted Obama, â€Å"The senator repeated his vow the next month, and in subsequent campaign stops: ‘As President, I will close Guantà ¡namo, reject the Military Commissions Act, and adhereRead MoreNo Child Left Alive: A Critique of No Child Left Behind Essay example1573 Words   |  7 PagesNo Child Left Alive No child left behind does nothing but dishearten the students who are proving to be ahead of the average student from wanting to improve. While the struggling students are simply carried from one grade to the next. The No Child Left Behind Act is great in theory but is too heavily reliant on standardized tests and percentages and not enough about what the students actually learn. Being a survivor of NCLB I have had firsthand experience with this topic and from an above averageRead MoreThe Presidency Of Barack Obama1022 Words   |  5 Pagesentered office, Trump has partisanship support to present any legislation and effortlessly have it passed through Congress. The first major shift that will occur as promised is the repeal and replacement of the Affordable Healthcare Act, commonly known as Obamacare Act. In turn, we are projected to be introduced to Health Savings Accounts whereas, those opting to participate are able to purchase health insurance across state lines, and lets stat es manage Medicaid funds. Reforms will also include cuttingRead MoreEducation Is A Central Need Of All People Around Over The World1543 Words   |  7 Pageswe will find some development projects. However, some of these succeed while others failed in achieving their goals. â€Å"The federal government instituted a number of other reforms, including a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA), to little or no avail† (Ginsburg Jill, 2013). Furthermore, policymakers do not take a rest from struggles to develop the education system. They continue to argument and make main education reforms such as new academic standards, newRead MoreOverview of the No Child Left Behind Act1568 Words   |  6 PagesNo Child Left Behind No Child Left behind Act was the brainchild of President George W. Bush administration. The No Child Left behind legislation was signed into law on January 8, 2002. The act compels public schools receiving federal funding to carry out statewide standardized tests annually to all the students (Williams, McClellan, Rivlin, 2010). Students have to take same test under same conditions. This essay seeks to enumerate ways in which the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 impact publicRead MoreHistory of Biligual Education1254 Words   |  6 Pagesinstruction. It wasn’t until the Civil Rights Movement Era and the Bilingual Education Act of 1968, when bilingual education was reintroduced into the United States. â€Å"The courts decision in the landmark Lau v. Nichols case required schools to take affirmative steps to overcome language barriers impeding childrens access to the curriculum. Congress immediately endorsed this principle in the Equal Educational Opportunity Act of 1974.â₠¬ (Rethinking). In California, bilingual education was banned until 1967Read MoreNo Child Left Behind Act3593 Words   |  15 PagesNo Child Left Behind The No Child Left Behind Act was created in 2001 by President George W. Bush. The act was created to raise the standards of low performing children. The act was also created to reform an earlier education act put in place by President Johnson as a part of his War on Poverty; the Elementary and Secondary Education Act â€Å"...established that children from low-income homes required more educational services than children from affluent homes.† (Reforming No Child Left Behind http://www

Summarize King’s Arguments Free Essays

The purpose of this essay paper is to examine Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail. We will write a custom essay sample on Summarize King’s Arguments or any similar topic only for you Order Now    The paper will examine parts of King as a preacher as well as an advocate for Civil Rights.   His use of dictation and dialogue to the people will be a major point in this paper.   Not only will King’s writing present the inner teachings of King’s strive for equality among all people and the way in which humanity suffers but the predicament of racism during the Civil Right’s Movement will also be a major theme in this paper as it applies to King’s work. By indicating that he is a â€Å"fellow clergyman†, King tells the members of the local parishes that they should respect him. King calls the other clergymen â€Å"men of genuine good† and calls their intentions sincere. This is to set his argument as one of discourse, rather than an attack. King tells of his position to indicate his reasoning for being in Alabama. It is his duty to see that all Southern states are represented by the conference. The rationale behind the current War on Terror follows this motif. Between the negotiations and the demonstrations, King began a series of workshops on non-violence. Then he followed that by a Christmas season boycott of local stores.   â€Å"Justice too long delayed, is justice denied† is the most personally inspiring pathos King included here. This simple phrase sums the whole of the civil rights movement. A white moderate is a person of Caucasian descent who is â€Å"more concerned with order than justice.† King finds fault in their logic. He feels that they are deluded into believing that stability of society is safer than justice for all people. They believe that â€Å"the Negro should wait† for a better time to assert their rights. King also feels that â€Å"lukewarm acceptance is much more frustrating than outright rejection.† Another group that disappoints King is the white Christians who fail to support his efforts. King was disappointed that his non-violent efforts were seen as extremist actions. He also felt disappointed with is inability to motivate the white Christians to his cause. Because the modern manifestation of the Christian church had lost its sacrificial nature and its authenticity. The early days of the American Civil Rights movement were days of non-violent protests. The simple acts, such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Freedom Marches, used large numbers of Black Americans in ways that affected the white establishment economically and morally to achieve change. However, as the movement went on, increasing numbers of Black Americans began to become disenfranchised with the non-violence, and almost placating nature of the movement under Martin Luther King Jr. and others. This feeling of powerlessness led to the formation of a more militant movement. The birth of the Black Panthers, and other Black Power organizations, came from frustration at the slowness of change seen through the non-violent protests as well as from the emerging black identity of strength, confidence and power. The other influence which created the Black Power movement was the understanding of many black American youth, that the deaths of African-Americans meant nothing to the American population as a whole. The deaths of many blacks, directly resulting from racial murders and revenge for Civil Rights protests, garnered next to no reaction from the public at large. In contrast, the deaths of white Americans, even if suspected to be by a black man, would create mass outrage. King was troubled by the clergy’s praising of the Birmingham Police for â€Å"keeping order†. However, with the dogs attacking the non-violent protestors, King felt that they should have instead commented on the â€Å"Negro sit-Inners†. This disproportionate standard nurtured a feeling that without strong leadership, and defense, the black man would lose the escalating war for civil liberties. While the motives and actions of the nationwide Student Non-violent Coordination Committee saw small victories throughout the country, its lack of firm power at local levels left many, especially non-student American blacks, without a cause to follow. The growing feeling of separation within the Civil Rights movement itself began to cause stratification within the movement. The emergence of SNCC leader, Stokely Carmichael, was the first major break within the SNCC. Carmichael, as described by Allen Matusow, was â€Å"[h]andsome, volatile, eloquent and fearless [and] became a magnet in the SNCC for the militant and proto-nationalists†. (Matusow 1984, 352) The rise of Carmichael was solidified, when in May of 1966, Carmichael and his adherents successfully took over the SNCC from its former, and far more docile leader John Lewis. This allowed for Carmichael to issue the call for all â€Å"black Americans to begin building independent political, economic and cultural institutions that will control and use as instruments of social chance in this country†. (Matusow 354) The many and diverse organizations that were created during the civil rights movement of the 1960’s, each, in their own ways, effected the outcome of that decade. Some of the organizations based their philosophies on empowerment, others on revenge, and still others on the legal advocacy of oppressed individuals. However, one group, in particular, was involved in the most trying and violent events of the movement – and maintained their stand for non-violent protest to effect change. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference was founded by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1957. The organization functioned as â€Å"as an umbrella organization of affiliates, rather than seeking individual membership†. (King Encyclopedia) This allowed the SCLC to gain influence in multiple states. King used the ability of the SCLC to enter the fray of Birmingham Alabama in 1963. The union of blacks churches throughout the Southern States, allowed for a strong base of support for King’s non-violent confrontation of the white establishment. Though his work would see him arrested, and many of his fellow protestors beaten, injured and even hospitalized, the basic ideal of the SCLC never wavered. During the height of the civil rights movement, the rise of the concept of Black Power – a more militant and empowered movement – began to take hold in many American cities. The direct assault on the established power of white America that the Black Panther Party promised influenced many young blacks to follow their ideology. This became a struggling point for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, in that their strict adherence to the non-violent messages of Martin Luther King Jr. were increasingly being seen as weak. Also, the dependence that the SCLC had on the white churches of the South was also seen as a problem point for many in the movement. Despite the hurdles that the Southern Christian Leadership Conference was forced to confront, they ideology of King’s vision was maintained – even after his assassination. The death of King was a strong blow against the organization. The momentum that the group had gained under the guidance of Martin Luther King Jr. was stalled and the group nearly imploded. However, the words of King lived on through his death. In his final speech, the evening before his murder, King rallied the minds and emotions of his followers. The words of the speech, which came to be known as the â€Å"Promised Land† speech, spoke of his eventual death. Through his final words, King told his followers that the life of a man is meaningless without that man having lived up to his potential. The work of King, and the SCLC, continues to this day. And though, there are organizations which are more recognized, such as the NAACP, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference confronted the face of oppression directly, and without violent retaliation. The ability for the organization to achieve its goals, and see the world that King envisioned, allows them to be seen as the most effective of the era. WORK CITED King, Martin Luther. â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail†. Estate of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Martin Luther King Jr. April 16, 1963. â€Å"Southern Christian Leadership Conference: SCLC†. The King   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Encyclopedia. The King Center. Date of Access: March 30,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2006. How to cite Summarize King’s Arguments, Essay examples

Strategies And Success

Question: Discuss about theStrategies And Success. Answer: Introduction: Innovation is something which keeps any business on the top edge with its competitors. Innovation is not only about doing the things creatively but bringing in different perspectives and for the same purpose, it is necessary to have people who share a different ideology of work. A company known for its unique market products, PG believes that only RD training and education cannot bring out innovation breakthroughs because how such people will think is almost similar to each other. (Tony, 2014). For 3M in the beginning, it was not at all smooth enough to sustain the competition because, by the time creative plans are implemented, other firms would have taken the lead. 3M changed the strategy to overcome the time gap concern. After certain failures, 3M realized the need to partner with people who not only think differently but also look at the world with very different perspective. Division of business as a crucial part of its strategy played a big role to main the velocity of innovati on. Company 3M was growing at good speed regarding its goodwill, products on the wheels of new ideology and originality of products. The division of business was into following heads: 3M strategies focused on various aspects and same can be evaluated going by the following heads: 3M strategy on pushing employees to pursue opportunities : Under its business strategy, 3M focused very well on human resource workforce to keep them inspired. The motive of inspiration was to reduce the time gap of innovation. It means employees to increase the pace of innovation to the gain competitive edge over other firms. The rule of 15% simply means that a thin line of profits vs. creativity is mandatory because employees give better results when are allowed to work as per interest. In any form, it doesnt mean that firm should not earn profits. Flexibility is the key to mark the balance. Rule of 25/5 have its concentration on earnings of 3M, and it laid the right path of success for the company. This rule was later amended to 30/5 where 30% marks the profitable sales. Only work does not inspire employees to perform with efficiency but extrinsic recognition is highly important. Positive emotions help employees to be more productive. (Johna, 2015).For the purpose, various awards and rewards were part of the performance management system to keep the employees motivated. Evaluation of 3M Strategy on Pushing Employees to Prsue Opportunities: It definitely provides a better platform to employees to work more creatively in their interest areas and job satisfaction increases. Recognizing the good work of employees through awards, rewards and appreciation letters reduces the attrition rate. Employees generated good revenue which is a good sign for productivity and financial health of the organization. 3M strategy on balancing consolidated products with new ones: 3M has its priority focus set on developing strength of its existing business products and encashed success on it. 3M closely watch on the results of all its products in the market and those products which are not performing as per expectation are brought to the research centers and decisions are taken on continuity or discontinuity of the products. 3M have a large portfolio of products and in consolidated form have right balance with the new products launched. The reason of this balance is that 3M have diversified its business not only as per size but also on related or unrelated business models. It helped 3M to create overall profitable venture and shortcomings of weak business areas was also taken care by the firm. It is necessary to walk with new launch products and test sell products first. (Frank, 2014) Evaluation of 3M strategy on balancing consolidated products with new ones: This plan of action made sure that products in the market are competent enough and easy pick. Planning and direction to decide on new products depend on the success/failure of existing products in the market and this strategy provided a blueprint for moving further. 3M master Plan on Pushing Resourcefulness and Initiative: Resourcefulness in simple terms means to achieve the best results with optimum utilization of available resources. 3M have proved its ability and innovation power to bring light in the phase of difficulties. Top notch heads of 3M have realized soon after few failures that there are rules in business which holds back progress and thus, 3M moved ahead bending some rules, and we all know now that 3M is a proactive company which has identified the needs of the customers and the manufactured products which best suit the needs of the customers. Moving initially from material supplier to customized fulfillment of the customer needs is achieved because of the innovative products. 3M did not only focused on financial results, but the equal importance was given to the velocity of innovation as no customer aims to buy outdated products. Resourcefulness leads to new doors of accomplishments. (John, 2010) Evaluation of 3M Strategy on Pushing Resourcefulness and Initiative: This strategy played a remarkable role in success by resourceful utilization and cost saving increases for the company. Being proactive helped to tap the untapped areas of innovation, and new product lines were developed. 3M strategy on focusing on the right outcomes on new ventures: When 3M diversified its business into three levels namely corporate level, business level and operational level, all these levels had developed better strategies to manage scattered product lines. Good alignment with the leadership team is necessary to get results as per targets. (Shelby) Corporate level concentrated on low cost and high result values because new ventures involve more innovation to establish themselves in the market. It is obvious that cost would be high and resourcefulness is the key to bring right outcomes. The actions and approaches of the business level were to monitor the growth prospects of new products and also create better platform to achieve desired business objectives. The operational level was mainly associated with the product launch, market feasibility and other creational factors for the new products. Evaluation of 3M Strategy Focusing on the Right Outcomes on New Ventures: It helped to streamline new ventures by using business strategies of fulfilling customer needs and increasing market share of new ventures. It helped to match the pace of innovation which brought 3M on the front foot in the competitive environment. 3M strategy of Focusing on Expanding their Markets: As mentioned earlier, it was need of the hour for 3M to divide the business into various units as per product class. Had it not expanded into different markets using innovative products, there would have arisen danger of survival. Expansions plans were successful, and this success is enjoyed for a longer period with the patent strategy as whatever unique was manufactured, was covered patent to ensure originality of 3M products. RD played a crucial role in expansion plans of 3M and all the investments paid off good yields. Expansion of business allows to have multiple streams of business and also fills seasonal voids. (Karen, 2004) Evaluation of 3M strategy of Focusing on Expanding their Markets: Expansion into new markets increases market share and 3M captured this to ensure higher sales. Divesting in old, unattractive business and going for new one helped 3M in synchronizing its creative business environment. It would not be advisable to apply same strategies of innovation for all companies to achieve business objectives and there are reasons for the same: Every business has its unique line of products that it sells and thus customized strategies are the key. Target customers are different, and business may have B2B or B2C customer baseline and benefits provided work on different tactics. Business goals and objectives of one business are unassociated to each other except profit earning motives but not to forget that its not only funding that run a business. The same strategy cannot be relied upon as new business plans and needs are non-identical to those who have established themselves. The degree of the establishment should also be kept in mind. Competitive firms applying same strategies and providing similar services in the market wont be able to be the best choice for the consumers. References: Revesencio,J.(2015),Why happy employees are 12% more productive, In Fast company, Retrieved July 1, 2016 from https://www.fastcompany.com/3048751/the-future-of-work/happy-employees-are-12-more-productive-at-work Crabbe, T.(2014),Innovation is key to business success. In Times, Retrieved July 1,2016 from https://www.paklinks.com/gs/health-and-fitness/400651-cough-rice.html Baldoni J.(2010),The importance of resourcefulness, In HBR, Retrieved July 1, 2016 from https://hbr.org/2010/01/leaders-can-learn-to-make-do-a Spaeder, K.(2004),10 ways to grow your business, Retrieved July 1,2016 from https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/70660 Jarvis, S.(n.d),Three steps to deliver business results, Retrieved July 1,2016 from https://www.isixsigma.com/implementation/change-management-implementation/three-steps-to-deliver-business-results/ Robinson, F.(2014), The right way to launch a successful new product, Retrieved July 1,2016 from https://www.forbes.com/sites/groupthink/2014/09/19/the-right-way-to-launch-a-successful-new-product/#1bc15d23af92

Competition in the Chinese Automobile Industry Essay Essay Example

Competition in the Chinese Automobile Industry Essay Essay There are many scientific innovations in our universe. Some of these innovations are even in the houses that we live in. There are innovations such as computing machine games. the microwave oven. and even the Moto vehicle. These innovations make our lives much easier but it destroys the universe every bit good. Everything and everyone gets harmed some manner by these innovations. Let’s start off with this. The computing machine is entertaining but yet unsafe to our eyes. Children of our universe love being on the computing machine. But they shouldn’t love it excessively much. because if you stare and are excessively near to the computing machine for far excessively long. your eyes begin to ache and you become changeable sighted. This is so because your encephalon decides that you don’t necessitate to be able to see things far off and merely see thing that are close to you. The computing machine is one of the best innovations because it helps you with a batch of things. Number one is work. It allows us to salvage all our of import papers and keeps them in a private file. The microwave oven. This is a machine that heats thing. We will write a custom essay sample on Competition in the Chinese Automobile Industry Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Competition in the Chinese Automobile Industry Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Competition in the Chinese Automobile Industry Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It’s great in places for when you want to heat nutrients. About 1/3 of the universe has one. I’ll say this ; micro-cook oven heats your nutrients but besides destroys your wellness. As the microwave heats up. it sends of radiation inside and out. Your nutrients become polluted with radiation and if you’re excessively close to it you every bit good. Who likes eating cold nutrient? I mean we all like nutrient Nices and hot. so we should hold a microwave oven in our houses. I personally can’t travel without a microwave. It one of my favourite scientific innovations. One of the most used scientific innovations would be the motor vehicle. Now this is superb! The motor vehicle or should I say. autos are really common to our modern twenty-four hours lives. EVERYBODY has one. Well if you have a licence of class. Now autos are a complex piece of machinery. It’s like you’re fundamentally keeping a to the full loaded gun. Almost every twenty-four hours there is an accident that occurs. We may non see it. but it happens. Peoples get greatly injured or even decease from auto accidents. On the positive side. autos do hold its advantages. Peoples use autos to transport themselves about. It takes you from one topographic point to another. Alternatively of holding to walk. you drive. Another thing about autos. it pollutes the air severely. This is so because autos give off a great trade of fume sometimes. This affects the nursery gases and even worse. the ozone bed. If the air is wholly contaminated people with die. Peoples that believe these machines are non good for our lives are slightly right but incorrect. I believe that it has made our lives truly easy and less complex. I think it has done admirations to the universe and we should all appreciate the advantage we get from this.

Role of Biology in Life

Role of Biology in Life Role of biology in lifeOur blue planet is the one where life exists. So when we mention "bio" we talk about life on earth. Hence we can say that biology is the study of living organisms. The fact that it is the study of animals and plants makes sense that it would affect a person's daily life. In fact, everything about biology affects our daily life. Biology is a "natural science of organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution" (Science Reference Biology, n.d.), and all body processes from eating, digesting, respiration, nervous system. Without the knowledge of biology we cannot understand the world around us. It explains how a simple life right from fungi to a huge animal comes from and what it needs to survive.The first thing that probably crosses the people's minds is the evolution of the species those exist on the earth that operates through the survival of the fittest or oxygen is necessary for life or some other similar study taught in biology class.English: Phylogeni of living organism. ÄÅ'esky: Fyl...This study is useful in summarizing statements about one of the most characteristic features of living organization: it has a very high degree of order. But "instead of calling up associations with biology in the classroom, we look around and try to describe life as we actually see it" . If one looks around, one would see that it is not just a predictable distribution of a particular element but rather an assortment of living things - an assortment that differs in each direction one looks. Hence it is true of any biological system: a cell, an organism, a group of organisms, in fact the whole universe is comprised of elements different from each other. Therefore, we can say that from the very small algae...

Strategy & Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategy & Leadership - Essay Example out sustained market researches and obtain appropriate information about the market key among the marketing features investigated in such researches includes the patterns of supply and demand. General Motors acquired Fisher Brothers in a strategic move that would not only increase the company’s market share but also reduce its cost of doing business as discussed in the essay below. Casadesus (1999) state that General motors formed a merger with Fisher Bodies in 1919 in order to increase coordination between two businesses. Through the merger, General Motors would obtain sufficient supply of auto bodies and innovative annual change of car models from Fisher Brothers a company that specialized in the manufacture of coach bodies. This would decrease the cost of manufacture by cutting the cost and time spent in manufacturing the bodies. In business context, a merger refers to a union between two companies that seek to mobile their resources and therefore share their profits depending on the agreement existing between the two parties. In 1919, General Motors bought 60% of Fisher Brothers implying that Fisher Brother controlled the remaining 40%. The vertical integration through the merger resulted in increased profitability owing to the production efficiency that resulted from the union of the two companies a feature that compiled General Motors to purchase the re maining 40% by 1925 thereby acquiring complete control of Fisher Brothers. The change that occurred at General Motors when the company merged with Fisher Brothers was vertical owing to the financial might that General Motors exhibited. Vertical integration implies that General Motors obtain a larger stake of Fisher Brothers at the beginning (Freeland, 2000). This way, the company retained major control of the operations at the company thus influencing production. Within the first four years the partnership, the cars manufactured by General Motors retained the emblem of Fisher Brother on their bodies.

Business venture to enter the UK supermarket market Coursework

Business venture to enter the UK supermarket market - Coursework Example As per initial estimates, the cost of setting up the new store to operational status will be ?20,000,000 and the company's cost of capital has been estimated at 5%. In order to bridge the financing gap between the project cost and the company's internal funds, a long term bank loan has been arranged. The following tables outlines the expected free cash flows that the company is expected to obtain from operations: Free Cash Flows Time line Years 1 - 3 Years 4 - 8 Year 8 onwards Yearly breakdown Receive ?1,000,000 for 3 years Grow @ 10% per year Grow @ 2% per year Aggregate amount ?3,000,000 ?5,105,100 ?73,205,000 Discounted to t = 0 ?56,158,034 After taking into consideration the initial outlay of ?20,000,000, the NPV of the project is ?36,158,034. This indicates that the business proposition of entering the UK grocery market is a financially viable and will lead to positive returns in the future. 2.2 Payback Criterion Payback criterion is used to calculate the time it takes for the c ash inflows of the project to offset the cash outflows and provide an estimate of the time it will take to recover an investment. Provided the maximum loan term tenor granted is ten years, the payback criterion gives us a time line of 14.47 years, which translates into a minimum repayment period of 14 years and 6 months. This is conditional on the yearly free cash flows being used in their entirety to fund the loan repayment. Therefore, despite the profitability of the project, the proposed means of financing is not ideal for such a project where the returns are mainly realized in the long term. 3. Key Risks and Mitigants 3.1 Loan Repayments As mentioned above, the payback period for the loan exceeds the maximum tenor available. As a possible solution, the... As mentioned above, the payback period for the loan exceeds the maximum tenor available. As a possible solution, the company can enter into a loan guarantee contract, whereby repayments are guaranteed by a third party. There will be a commission charged for this service, but provided that the company might be in need of future term loan arrangements, it is imperative that the loan repayments are made on schedule to avoid a negative impact on the company's credit history. Following upon the risk of taking out a loan to finance the business venture, there is the possibility of interest rate risk affecting the project. Given the uncertain and volatile nature of the current financial markets, changes in interest rates can affect the mark up payments the company will have to make, inadvertently affecting the cost of capital of the company. One way to offset this risk includes taking out a call option on the interest rate. This option will effectively put an upper cap on interest rate volatility and going forward will limit the losses accruing to the company resulting from a sudden rise in interest rates. Asdy will be operating in an industry which is highly susceptible to inflation risk, or risk owing to the rise in prices of retail products. Unexpected increase in inflation can have an impact on the dynamics of the UK consumer spending and affect the future cash inflows for the company.

Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Questions - Assignment Example Moreover, sub-division of goods was necessary without which the barter system could not take place (Suri, Budhiraja and Rajput 2005). Some of the other problems associated with barter system were in storing the materials that would be used for exchange. Since they were in material forms, they required enough spaces, for example materials like rice, grains, etc. Facilities of credit could not be made available in this system. Also, difficulty was faced in transferring the goods and products from one place to another (Suri, Budhiraja and Rajput 2005). In a barter system, even when the number of commodities would be few, the exchange rates for different products and goods became burdensome (Thomas 2005). The establishment of the monetary system has improved upon the barter system owing to different reasons. The barter system has proved to be a system that caused inconvenience for the reasons mentioned above. With all its associated difficulties, the scope and scale of trade became limit ed with use of a barter system. The monetary economy eliminated such difficulties. Money could be used for the purchase of products where the value of the goods could be measured and monetary payments done accordingly. In the monetary system, thus goods are exchanged with money. ... With the new system, the economy of the world could be seen to specialize with higher levels of labor divisions as well. While in the barter system only tangible assets could be used for economy; in the monetary economy, money could be included in the list of assets of any individual. Thus savings is possible to be achieved more in the monetary economic system, where investments can be made with the money depending on need and time. With the monetary economy in place, problems with consumption and distribution have been found to be solved, leading to better investment measures in the economy as well (Kolars et al 2013). Thus it can be said that the establishment of monetary economy has improved upon the previous barter economy. Solution 2: Considering the introduction of money in the economic system of the world, all forms of money are actually incorporated. Thus money could be in the form of anything, any goods or products having some intrinsic value, or that which might not have an y intrinsic value (Karimzadi 2012). Money does not possess any inherent value of its own. It is valuable because people are in needed, while its supply is limited. Goods and products are the most essential factors in the economy. Money is essential as it allows to purchase or sale such needed goods and products. However, the value of money gets affected or influenced depending on factors like inflation that severely affects trade and business activities and people tend to react badly in such situations. Increase in supply of money leads to conditions like inflation in an economy, resulting to increase in prices of goods and products. Hence, essentially the value of

Differentiate Between Stress And Strain Engineering Essay

Differentiate Between Stress And Strain Engineering Essay When stretching a material, the length changes and the strain become positive. More strain means that more stress to the object once compress. When the material is compressed, the length changes and strain becomes negative. This obeys to the law of the stresses where go together with these strains, tensile stresses being positive and compressive stresses negative. http://studentweb.usq.edu.au/home/w0036795/etassgn_4/images_unit02/unit2_image36.gif Figure above shows the relationship between stress and stain as the stress is directly proportional to strain. There is a relationship where the force applied and the object changing in physical shape. It has revealed that the elastic behavior can be defined thru some relations with the form that the physical state changes is small in related to the original. This relationship can defined as Hookes Law ( F = -kx) Question 2 Pyrometer is used for measuring temperature. Discuss in details four principal techniques for the measurement of temperature. State the typical applications of different types of pyrometers A pyrometer used to measures heat from an object which has visible in bright or radiant. Pyrometers consider as thermometers where scientists use it to define the heat and heat type given out from an object. The critical variation between a pyrometer and other types of thermometers is the radiant levels on or after the heated objects are typically far too hot for interaction. That is why pyrometers have visual scanners that measure the heat. Four principal techniques for measurement of temperature. IR Pyrometers for Surface Temperatures The spectrum lies at wavelengths longer than light however shorter than microwaves or measuring system. IR pyrometers usually operate with wavelengths from two to twenty microns, reckoning on the material being measured. Plancks law states that the emissive power of a black body contains a spectral distribution reliant on the body temperature. This can be a well-known matter, thus there are numerous strategies to avoid this matter with variable target emissivity. IR Gas Temperature Pyrometers IR pyrometer functional at a wavelength consistent to the combustion emitted products, such as CO2 gas radiation (at 4.26 or 4.5 microns) can measure average gas temperature. This method needs gas to be combusted, meanwhile air not having a sturdy IR emission peaks. All fossil fuels produce CO2 after when it burnt, so this method is appropriate to oil and propane fired furnaces, but not for electrically heated furnaces. The temperature of the gas stately is the radiation temperature of the CO2 gases in the field of view of the lens, so choice of lens and placement is significant. 2 IR pyrometers must be located on opposite sides of the furnace to portion this temperature inhomogeneity. Whatever that blocks the assessment of the lens (as soot or dust), air penetration (less CO2 to measure temperatures) or huge differences in gas temperature with time can create the average temperature signal too strident to use straight in a control system. ACOUSTIC PYROMETERS Acoustic pyrometers is a method where used to measure the temperature of gases created on the temperature reliance of the speed of sound. The speed of sound diverges through the square root of the total gas temperature. This method stretches an average temperature completed an identified path length if the gas composition is identified and continuous. Guileless acoustical pyrometry uses the time of flight statistics for the leading wave front to reach the receiver. This is suitable on behalf of an average gas temperature for one path. The wavelengths may exist to be enormous, for instance, presumptuous a sound velocity of 880 m/s at a frequency of 500 Hz stretches a wavelength of 1.8 m. Ruptures of air can remain the basis of sound, giving an informal to connect, low-maintenance instrument. Numerous paths can be selected, which can be examined to provide 2D isothermal maps of furnace temperature problematic to crop by other resources for gas temperatures of 1650Â °C. Advantages of a coustical pyrometry embrace modest and rough equipment for industrial environments, numerous paths subsequently a single transmitter for a least amount of holes in the furnace walls for 2D temperature mapping, low operating costs and proven technology. Suction pyrometers Suction pyrometers are a method where suction is used to appeal the hot combustion gases past a thermocouple at a great velocity to decrease the fault in gas temperature measurements. Radiation shields reduce the thermal effects of radiation. Suction pyrometers are still the best industrial apparatuses for measuring combustion gas temperatures, for instance, they are used for impermanent gas temperature measurements at a specific position or for calibration of other temperature measurement apparatus. The micro suction pyrometer has been established to evade countless of the disadvantages of the suction pyrometer. Main disadvantages with micro suction pyrometers comprise their lesser accurateness and additional brittle construction comparative to conservative suction pyrometers. Types of pyrometers Broadband Pyrometer The broadband pyrometer is used to record the broadband wavelengths of radiation, typically about 0.3 microns. However furthermost repeatedly used, they can have big mistakes in readings. Subsequently they are merely registering a minor quantity of an object heat. Everything from water vapor to dust can produce a reading error. Optical Pyrometers An optical pyrometer let a scientist to observe heat though all pyrometers are optical in the sense they can recite an objects heat from a distance. An optical pyrometer is used to measures the heat infrared wavelengths and straight displays the manipulator the object heat distribution. Additional pyrometers typically have a screen to shows the results of an optical scan. An optical pyrometer can act lie a telescope where the scientists can look over a lens and see the infrared wavelengths of an object. Optical pyrometers are one of the oldest pyrometer types and are able to see the wavelength levels up to 0.65 microns. Radiation Pyrometer A radiation pyrometer is used to determine pure radiation wavelengths. The device contains an optical scanner that can perceive 0.7 to 20 microns on the range of wavelength, the overall range for radioactive heat. The optical scanner lightens the burden of scientists in measuring the radiation levels without putting the pyrometer up to the object, where it can endanger the person in charge to expose to radiation. Question 3 Draw the functional block diagram of Electrocardiography (ECG) machines and explain each in details. From the functional block diagram, answer the following: 1. What (electrically) is being measured? 2. How is the electrical signal capture? What is the sensor? How does it work? Draw a complete circuit to represent the functional block diagram What is ECG? An electrocardiogram or ECG is used to measure and analyzed electrical recording of the heart and even used to investigate heart disease. British physiologist Augustus D. Waller is the creator of electrocardiography and published the first human electrocardiogram in the year 1887. Dutch physiologist Willem Einthoven, who transformed this inquisitive physiologic phenomenon into a crucial clinical recording device, was awarded a Nobel prize in medicine. Block diagram of ECG http://edge.rit.edu/content/OldEDGE/public/Archives/P05903/WebsitePics/ECGsetup.JPG When the heart depolarizes, its suitable (and quite precise) to denote the electrical activity as a dipole which a vector between two point charges. A vector has both a size (magnitude), and a direction. The potential diverges around the volume conductor. This applies to all intra-cardiac events, so the vector (or axis) for P waves, the QRS complex, T waves, and so on. https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTmU3XE3hQtg3YCLEzNO1ws3o67QG9pnFj8G3DmW4tpwIfyi9_bYowLrl-DcDxzFj3Ji5wepOllELWWS__QOIRFEvqc-NysT5PvrwOArTHoX7XLsHdlp3SoTwJvgPYutIvUfpgj1xldqQ/s1600/3-lead_ecg-signal+measurement.jpg The electrocardiogram, or ECG is a surface measurement of the electrical potential produced by electrical action in cardiac tissue. Current flow in ion form and signals shrinkage of cardiac muscle fibers foremost to the hearts pumping activity. The human heart can also be considered as a large muscle where the beating is just contraction of muscles. Consequently contractions of the heart create a potential. The measurement of the potential created by cardiac muscle is called as electrocardiology. Types of electric is being measured a) Bipolar leads: The position point located on one limb, the `sensing electrode can be on another limb. The leads are mark as I, II, and III. b) Unipolar leads: The position point located in some leads that joined together, and the sensing lead is located on one limb. These leads are predictably increased, in that the position lead on the limb sensed is disconnected from the other two. c) The V leads : The position where lengthen across the precordium, V1 in the fourth right interspace, V2 4th left, V4 at the apex (5th interspace, midclavicular line), V3 halfway in between V2 and V4, and V5 V6 in the 5th interspace at the anterior and mid axillary lines correspondingly. These electrode leads are usually connected to potential differences devices between selected electrodes to create the specific ECG tracings. Majority of the ECG leads are bipolar leads (e.g., standard limb leads) that apply a single positive and a single negative electrode amongst which electrical potentials are measured. Unipolar leads (augmented leads and chest leads) consist os single positive recording electrode and apply a blend of the other electrodes to assist as a merged negative electrode. Typically, once an ECG is recorded, all leads are recorded instantaneously, normally called as 12-lead ECG. How is the electrical signal capture? What is the sensor? How does it work? Cardiac electrical potential wave forms (voltages created through the heart as its chambers contract) are measured by the PASCO CI-6539A EKG (Electrocardiogram) Sensor. The sensor contains of the electronics box by a cable for connecting to the PASCO computer interface through a five pin DIN analog connector. 3 electrode leads pass in the electronics box on the side opposite the cable that assigns to the interface. The sensor signal is conveyed from side to side an opto-isloation circuit. An isolation transformer is used to transfer the sensors power. Question 5 Explain in detail idea of industrial voltage to frequency converters and frequency to voltage converters using an operational amplifier. Voltage to frequency converter The voltage-to-frequency converter is a converter which delivers an output frequency precisely relative to its input voltage. The digital open-collector frequency output is well-matched through all mutual logic families. Its adding input features give the VFC32 outstanding noise resistance and small nonlinearity. Complete output frequency is determined by an exterior capacitor and resistor. Open-collector logic output is gain from the frequency output terminal. A pull-up resistor is typically connected to a 5V logic supply to generate normal logic-level pulses. Though, it connected to some power supply (+VCC). Production pulses obligate a continuous period and positive-going throughout the oneshot period. Current flowing in the open-collector output transistor proceeds by the common terminal. The terminal must be linked to logic ground. Frequency to voltage conversion The capacitive-coupled response network C3, R6 and R7 let typical 5V logic levels to activate the comparator input. The comparator causes the one-shot on the dropping control of the frequency input pulses. Beginning voltage of the comparator is about -0.7V. 5V logic levels having less waveform for frequency input, the comparator is activated by regulating the voltage divider of R6/R7 to a lower voltage. C2 smoothens the output voltage waveform. Greater values of C2 decrease the wrinkle in the output voltage. Lesser values of C2 let the output voltage to resolve quicker in response to a modification in input frequency. Resistor R1 can be pared to attain the preferred output voltage at the complete input frequency. The signal response current is equivalent to VIN/R1. This current is combined by response op amp and C2, creating a descending ramping integrator output voltage. Once the integrator output slopes to the verge of the comparator, the one-shot is activated. The 1mA reference cu rrent is swapped to the integrator input throughout the one-shot length, producing the integrator production ramp rising. Subsequently the one-shot period, the integrator again ramps descending. The fluctuation procedure forces a long-term stability of charge (or average current) between the input signal current and the reference current. Question 6 Describe the purpose and basic operation principle of differential pressure flow meters. Differentiate between orifice plate, venturi, nozzle and pitot tube. Differential pressure flow meters It is the control of fluid flow rate by interpretation the pressure loss thru a pipe restriction is possibly the greatest where usually used flow measurement method in industrialized uses (Figure 2-1). The descent of pressure created by a extensive variability of geometrical restrictions have been well considered over the years. These primary or head flow elements originate in a extensive diversity of configurations, all with exact application assets and flaws. Differences on the refrain of differential pressure (d/p) flow measurement http://www.omega.com/literature/transactions/volume4/images/07_Fig_01_l.GIF Orifice plates http://www.omega.com/literature/transactions/volume4/images/07_Fig_04_l.GIF In clean liquid, gas, and steam service, orifice plates are generally used. It is obtainable for entirely pipe sizes, very economical for gauging flows in bigger pipes (over 6 diameter). Numerous standards organizations permitted the orifice plates as is used for the supervision the transfer of liquids and gases. The orifice flow calculations used today still fluctuate from each other, though the numerous standards organizations are operational to accept a solitary, generally accepted orifice flow calculation. User can select the flow equation thru orifice sizing program. Even though it is a modest device, the orifice plate can be considered as a precision instrument. Orifice plates are fairly sensitive to a change of error-inducing situations. Precision in the drag controls, the excellence of the connection, and the state of the plate itself regulate the routine. Installation influences embrace tap position and state, form of the process pipe, capability of straight pipe innings, ga sket intrusion, misalignment of pipe and orifice drags, and lead line design. Other adverse conditions comprise the corrosion or erosion of the pipes, dirt, and grease or secondary phase deposits on either orifice surface. http://www.omega.com/literature/transactions/volume4/images/07_Fig_06_l.GIF Venture tube http://www.omega.com/literature/transactions/volume4/images/07_Fig_07_l.GIF The venturi tubes is quite expensive, so they are mainly used for greater flows or on further tough or difficult flow applications. Venturis are not sensitive to velocity outline properties and consequently need fewer straight pipe run than an orifice. The character of scrubbing act of the flow through the tube creates the device resistant to corrosion, erosion, and interior scale build up. Due to high initial cost, the owner still is promising as the savings in fitting and functioning and maintenance costs. Flow element is long which considered by a narrowing inlet and a deviating outlet. The entrance is used to determine the inlet pressure, while the throat section is to measure the static pressure. The pressure taps nourish into a joint annular chamber, as long as an average pressure analysis over the whole perimeter of the element. The venturi is partial in its use to clean, non-corrosive liquids and gases. The great instability and the absence of holes in which material can gath er create flow tubes well suitable for slurry and mud services. But, maintenance costs can be high if air removal cant stop persisting of the pressure taps and lead lines. Plunger-like devices (vent cleaners) can be connected to occasionally eliminate accumulation from interior openings, even though the meter is online. Flow nozzle http://www.omega.com/literature/transactions/volume4/images/07_Fig_09_l.GIF The flow nozzle can be said it is more stable than the orifice plate, mainly in greater or higher temperature and higher velocity services as compared to orifice plates. It used to determine high flow rates of superheated vapor. The flow nozzle also having a better flow capacity than the orifice plate and needs a lesser first investment than a venturi tube, but also delivers lesser pressure recovery. A main disadvantage of the nozzle is that it is harder to change than the orifice except it can be detached as part of a spool unit. Flow nozzles preserve their accuracy for long periods, even in tough service. Flow nozzles can be very accurate way to determine gas flows. As soon as the gas velocity influences the speed of sound in the throat, the velocity cant surge any more and a overcome flow condition is extended. Pitot Tubes http://www.omega.com/literature/transactions/volume4/images/07_Fig.12_l.GIF Pitot tube is one of the simple in design flow sensors where it is used to measure varied range of flow measurement applications. Normally, it is used in air speed in racing cars and air force fighter jets. Pitot tubes also used to analyze air flow in pipes, ducts, and stacks, and liquid flow in pipes, weirs, and open channels in industrial applications. The accuracy and range capability are moderately low, while pitot tubes are modest, dependable, low-cost, and suitable for a diversity of environmental situations, plus tremendously high temperatures and a wide range of pressures.

Essay --

Explaining Consciousness Provides Physicalism With Challenges That Place Limits On Scientific Knowledge, And What It Can Uncover About Consciousness Consciousness is one of those topics that are in the position of trying to understand one’s own organism with one’s own organism. The topic of consciousness is so elusive that it mirrors child hood games of trying to catch your own shadow. In the World of philosophy, discerning the truth about consciousness is no childish game. Materialist J.J.C Smart and philosopher Thomas Nagel agree that qualia exist, but are diametrically opposed when it comes to what consciousness is. In this paper I will argue for Nagel’s point of view that consciousness falls outside the nucleus of scientific explanation. Physicalism cannot objectively uncover consciousness using scientific methods because consciousness cannot be reduced to material parts. If Smart’s reductionist view points were correct, where as physics can explain all there is to know about everything in the universe, then why does consciousness seem to evade physical laws of investigation? Explaining consciousn ess provides physicalism with challenges that place limits on scientific knowledge, and what it can uncover about consciousness. J.J.C Smart proposes that a scientific explanation of consciousness must fall with in universal physical laws. Furthermore, if science could not explain consciousness within scientific laws, than we would have a problem called a nomological dangler. For Smart, this is unbelievable. It would seem that this move by Smart is one based on scientific bias. The nature of consciousness rests in the experience of the first person account, and if philosophy of mind is to have a complete scientific knowledge of the... ...the sense that they are easily detectable. Physically looking for something that does not have a physical structure is like trying to get rid of the left by going to the right side. Ultimately, science is looking in the wrong direction because it cannot by default take into consideration first person quotes. In conclusion, it is very difficult to come up with scientific solutions to the problem of consciousness. Science may never be able to solve the mysteries of qualia. New methods might need to be introduced to uncover personal experience that lie far off in the future. Philosophers will just need to continue in their search for a complete theory of a science of mind. In addition, humility within the sciences may go along way towards an understanding of consciousness. â€Å" We do not know what consciousness means outside the frame of personality†- Albert Einstein

Reading Schedule

Week 1 Tuesday 01/15 Introduction/Syllabus/ â€Å"Where I’m From† poem Thursday 01/17 Read â€Å"Brainology† by Carol Dweck Week 2 Tuesday 01/22 Read â€Å"Ain’t I a Woman† and â€Å"The Men We Carry In Our Minds† Thursday 01/24 Active Reading and Analysis Standards (posted on Blackboard under writing and reading tools) Week 3 Tuesday 01/29 Read â€Å"Narration† in Patterns; Read I Love Yous Are for White People Ch. 1-3 Thursday 01/31 Read I Love Yous Are for White People Ch. 4-5 Week 4 Tuesday 02/5 Read I Love Yous Are for White People Ch. 6-7 Thursday 02/7 Read I Love Yous Are for White People Ch. 8Week 5 Tuesday 02/12 Read I Love Yous Are for White People Ch. 9-11 Thursday 02/14 Read I Love Yous Are for White People Ch. 12 Week 6 Tuesday 02/19 Read I Love Yous Are for White People Ch. 13-14; Read I Love Yous Are for White People Epilogue, â€Å"About the book† and â€Å"Read on† Thursday 02/21 Read â€Å"Descriptionâ €  in Patterns page 143-148; Read â€Å"Exemplification† in Patterns page 199-201; Read â€Å"Process† in Patterns page 199-201 Week 7 Tuesday 02/26 Read â€Å"Cause and Effect† † in Patterns page 321-326; Read The Kite Runner pages 1-47 Thursday 02/28 Read The Kite Runner pages 48-58 Week 8Tuesday 03/05 Read â€Å"Comparison and Contrast† in Patterns page 383-384; Read The Kite Runner pages 59-100 Thursday 03/07 The Kite Runner pages 101-124 Week 9 Tuesday 03/12 Read Classification and Division in Patterns pages 447-448 The Kite Runner pages 125-189 Thursday 03/14 The Kite Runner pages 190-223 Week 10 Tuesday 03/19 Read â€Å"Definition† in Patterns page 505-506; The Kite Runner pages 224-272 Thursday 03/21 The Kite Runner pages 273-292 Week 11 SPRING BREAK Tuesday 03/26 No Class Thursday 03/28 No Class Week 12 Tuesday 04/02 The Kite Runner pages 293-371 Thursday 04/04 Read â€Å"Argumentation† in Patterns page 547-548 Week 13Tuesd ay 04/09 Read â€Å"Combining The Patterns† in Patterns page 705-706 Thursday 04/11 Read Scholarly Source Week 14 Tuesday 04/16 Read â€Å"Using Research in Your Writing† page 757-766 Thursday 04/18 Read â€Å"Using Research in Your Writing† page 766-782 Week 15 Tuesday 04/23 Read Scholarly Source Thursday 04/25 Read Scholarly Source Week 16 Tuesday 04/30 Read Scholarly Source Thursday 05/02 Read Scholarly Source Week 17 Tuesday 05/07 Read Scholarly Source Thursday05/09 Read Scholarly Source Week 18 Tuesday 05/14 Read Scholarly Source Thursday 05/16 Read Scholarly Source Week 19 Finals Week Tuesday 05/21 Final Exam

Conscience essays

Conscience essays What makes us humans different from elephants, snakes or chimps besides our shape? We have consciences, of course. Conscience is the awareness of right and wrong. In the Crucible, the idea of conscience in strongly emphasized. Miller himself said, "No critic seemed to sense what I was after [which was] the conflict between a mans raw deeds and his conception of himself; the question of whether conscience is in fact an organic part of the human being, and what happens when it is handed over not merely to the state or the mores of the time but to ones friend or wife." The idea of conscience in the play The Crucible is based very much on Christian concepts, firstly the idea of morality, or conscience of right and wrong, secondly the idea of the confession of sin, and finally the idea of guilt and penance for sins. Conscience and authority ... a heart or a head response? I believe that authority and the law should only apply where the conscience fails, that is when the appearance of rig ht and wrong is tainted. Personal conscience and reason should be the final authority. First, at the start of the book, we see that the people of Salem have already begun to strain under this strict idea of conscience, this repression. Abigail says to John, "I look for John Proctor that took me from my sleep and put knowledge in my heart! I never knew what pretence Salem was, I never knew the lying lessons I was taught by all these Christian women and their covenanted men! And now you bid me tear the light out of my eyes? I will not, I cannot!" The girls dance in the woods and cast spells, something distinctly forbidden by theocratic law. This is why Abigail seizes the opportunity before her at the beginning of the play: she sees the witchhunt as a means for her to work herself around the conscience of the Church and all its restrictions, and instead establish her own idea of right and wrong. While the theocracy was established for the no...

Roll of thunder hear my cry essays

Roll of thunder hear my cry essays With fast food restaurants on every corner, the choice of vegetarianism is seemingly ignored in our society today. Fewer and fewer people are even considering a switch from omnivore to herbivore. And the few who do may vary in their idea of exactly what vegetarianism is. Some believe that you simply refrain from eating meat, but that brings up the question of dairy products and eggs. Are they okay to eat? Yet still some believe that a true vegetarian is really a vegan, or a person that has restricted their diet to organic fruits and vegetables only. Which ever they choose, an important question is still left unanswered. Does vegetarianism offer more advantages in life than a In order for your body to function and operate as it was intended to, it must be healthy. There are many different aspects to health, but one of the most important ones is your diet. More specifically, protein in your diet. Proteins are tiny groups of highly complex organic compounds that are found in each and every single one of our cells. (Low) They all have different functions, however. Some regulate metabolism, some build muscle, and still others transport and carry nutrients. (Low) Whatever the task, proteins are an essential part of a healthy diet. There are a number of ways that you can meet the required amount of protein in your diet. The most obvious one would be to eat foods that are high in protein. This group may include meats, poultry, fish, and eggs. But this does not mean that you can only get protein from animal based foods. Protein is protein so its source, (animal or plant,) is not important. Thats a matter of personal That personal choice is the choice of a more efficient, and maybe even a smarter way of eating. Did you know that some of the most intellectual people in history made the choice of becoming vegetarian? Albert Einstein was once quoted saying &q...

Should local and state police have the authority to check on Research Paper - 1

Should local and state police have the authority to check on immigration status - Research Paper Example he ability of the terrorists to manipulate the weak points of immigration laws was not surprising, as enforcing these laws has proved to be an uphill task. It is suggested that the number of illegal aliens living in the United States is close to 7-10 million with a handful of 2000 enforcement agents to deal with them. This hence increased the urgency of reform in the immigration system (Kobach 179 Â ´). On reading the letter sent to him by the United States attorney general suggesting the involvement of the local police in enforcing the federal immigration law, Mayor Peterson was of the contrary opinion. On his reply to the attorney general, Mayor Peterson indicated that the local police were not the right personnel equipped for this task. He went on to elaborate that local police lacked the necessary expertise and training that is crucial in ascertaining on whom is illegally in the country. In addition to this, by placing the responsibility of enforcing the immigration laws on the local police, United States will be diverting these law enforcement agents from their neighborhood responsibilities that have existed since time in memorial. The hard-earned trust that existed between the new residents and the police could be jeopardized thanks to the new responsibilities regarding enforcement of immigration laws. In addition to this, the long founded legacy that existed in the city of service delivery to all despite ones immigration status could be destroyed. This legacy was viewed as the key to promoting public safety as discrimination is avoided (Indianapolis Monthly 2006, 225). D’Appollonia and Reich also indicate that by delegating the immigration status alone cannot amount to involvement of the local and state police in immigration enforcement. They go on to indicate that this is tantamount to transformation of the state police to personal destruction. The delegation of responsibilities regarding immigration enforcement to the local police by the federal

Mary Rowlandson captiviity narrative vs. Douglas slave narrative Research Paper

Mary Rowlandson captiviity narrative vs. Douglas slave narrative - Research Paper Example the most famous and moving of a number of narratives written by former slaves, in factual detail describes the events of his life as a slave and thereafter. Both works are considered influential in early American literature. Analyzing the two, one sees that what at first appears to be a connection bound by the notion of captivity, that connection is well superseded by the very different personal and overall goals of the writers. .. a single individual, usually a woman, [who] stands passively under the strokes of evil, awaiting rescue by the grace of God. The sufferer represents the whole, chastened body of Puritan society; and the temporary bondage of the captive to the Indian is dual paradigm-- of the bondage of the soul to the flesh and the temptations arising from original sin, and of the self-exile of the English Israel from England. In the Indians devilish clutches, the captive had to meet and reject the temptation of Indian marriage and/or the Indians "cannibal" Eucharist. To partake of the Indians love or of his equivalent of bread and wine was to debase, to un-English the very soul. The captives ultimate redemption by the grace of Christ and the efforts of the Puritan magistrates is likened to the regeneration of the soul in conversion. The ordeal is at once threatful of pain and evil and promising of ultimate salvation. Through the captives proxy, the promise of a similar salvation could be offere d to the faithful among the reading public, while the captives torments remained to harrow the hearts of those not yet awakened to their fallen nature. (Stokes 94) Narratives of slavery, such as that written by Frederick Douglass, recounted the personal experiences of ante-bellum African Americans who had escaped from slavery and found their way to safety in the North. Employing the tradition of the captivity narrative, narratives of slavery were similarly reliant on Biblical references and imagery. Differing in context, however, they were replete with

Nat Turner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nat Turner - Essay Example He was the property' of Benjamin Turner, a plantation owner. Nat Turner's mother and grandmother had been brought to America from Africa and hated the concept of slavery from the bottom of their hearts. Nat grew up deeply religious and intensely sharing his mother's views of slavery. He gradually believed that He was God's prophet chosen to lead his people out of slavery. An annual solar eclipse convinced Turner that God had signaled from the Heavens above to start a revolution and with seven other of his associates or friends who were also slaves launched a rebellion. The rebellion began with the house of Nat's new master Joseph Travis. Almost 50 white people were killed. Contrary to what Nat had planned the rebellion was crushed within 48 hours and he himself was captured several days later. Naturally this insurrection had incited public fury and led to a thousand idle exaggerated and mischevious reports' (Thomas R. Gray). It heralded the beginning of a series of upsurges of open rebellion of the slaves which eventually led to the Great Civil War. Everything was shrouded in mystery till the confession' of Nat Turner was brought to light. Thomas R. Gray met Nat Turner in prison and recorded his account of the slave rebellion .Nat Turner was regarded as the Great Bandit'. Thomas Gray claims he found Nat willing to make a full and free confession of the origin, progress and consummation of the insurrectory movements of the slaves of which he was the contriver and head'. (Thomas Gray) The Confessions of Nat Turner like all other confessions cannot be held to be a document of Absolute Truth. It is definitely a revelation of several facts most of which can be corroborated further but every convict even during the last confession of his life will be in fear of his captor even if faced with the gallows. Moreover, what he said has been written down by Thomas Gray in the prison cell. Just as what Turner said may have been directed by emotion so also what was finally written may have been tainted by the writer of this confession to satiate the greatly excited public mind'. The mind is fraught with the very pertinent question did Turner voluntarily make these confessions The Confession remains a subject of intellectual debate , "both praised as a brave look into a rarely represented life, and maligned for what many saw as a clichd conception of a black man.". (NAT TURNER: A Troublesome Property, Styron 1967) Nat Turner's rebellion marked a year that also saw the rise of the abolitionist movement, growing tensions over states' rights and the arrival of the steam locomotive.1831 proved to be a watershed year in American history (Louis P. Masur, author of 1831: Year of Eclipse). The hysterical climate that followed Turner's revolt, blacks from as far away as North Carolina were accused of being part of the insurrection and even executed. Harriet Ann Jacobs, who later escaped to freedom, describes this climate of fear and harassment in her memoirs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Written by Herself. Nat 's confessions regarding his visions were probably correct and seem to be the words of a prophet who is convinced about his convictions. He sincerely believed that the Holy Spirit which spoke to prophets of earlier times actually spoke to him. He claims unabashedly that the Spirit told him "Seed ye the

Racism in the Tuskegee Experiment Essay Example for Free

Racism in the Tuskegee Experiment Essay The Tuskegee experiment, begun in 1932 by the United States Public Health Service in Macon County, Alabama, used 400 black men who suffered from advanced stages of syphilis.   This study was not a means of finding a cure; the patients offered no preventative measures to prolong or better life.   Although the history and nature of syphilis was well understood, certain scientists believed that more research could certainly be done. In terms of whom to study, the doctors developing the format discovered a â€Å"ready-made situation† (Jones 94). Macon County Alabama was impoverished, like much of the country in 1932.   The selection process began during the depression, a time of separation and intolerance.   In the rural South, where we find Tuskegee, the men chosen were not seen, at the time, as equal in any sense of the word. Jones refers to prominent doctors of the region who, in the late 1800s, scientifically defined diseases that were peculiar to the race.   One such disease, Cachexia Africana, caused the subject to eat dirt.   The public did not question such obviously ridiculous claims at the time.   In fact, the public heralded these doctors and requested a manual for treating blacks in order to save slave-owners and the like money in paying for doctors (17).   Given the distaste for the ethnicity of the subjects, could their ethnicity have been a factor in the selection process? At the time, the medical profession had already made some false assumptions about the African American race in general.   Jones reiterated the white-held theory that black men had larger penises and little constraints when it came to sexual intercourse (23).   It was also believed that they were harder to treat for syphilis because African Americans were stupid. In examining this mindset, it becomes clear why the government erringly felt it should go to the poorer black communities in rural Alabama conduct a syphilis study.   Believed to be an immoral sex-centered culture placed at the level of animals, the government would put them in league with mice and rats.   As disgusting as the premise is, the doctors needed lab animals and set out to find them. If this were true – how could the government get away with it?   Blatant disregard for humanity and life could not go unnoticed.   However, the geographical area in question had just been the last state of the union to discontinue chain gang use in its penitentiaries in 1928.   The South had not yet begun to consider African-Americans as people not in the slightest meaning of the word. Jones reiterates the sentiment of the doctors at the time and place with, â€Å"short of a ‘quick-fix’ by science requiring no behavior changes by blacks, there was no hope for the race† (26). The Health service claimed they informed the subjects of their disease, although an internship at the time the experiments began, Dr. J.W. Williams, stated the men received no such information.   He also claims the internships registered the data collected without understanding the nature of the experiment either (Jones 5). The term ‘racist’ as defined in the Random House Webster’s College Dictionary reads, †a belief or doctrine that inherent differences among various human races determine cultural or individual achievement, usually involving the idea that one’s own race is superior† (1072).   Given this definition, it is clear that the Tuskegee experiments were racist.   To withhold the nature of the experiments from the subjects, the name of the disease, the treatment of its symptoms and to feel no remorse in inflicting this sort of medical indictment on fellow human beings is not just racist, but also immoral and unjust. Jones points out the Health Services did investigate the treatment of these patients in an Ad Hoc committee.   The resulting medical treatments for the wives and children of the male subjects was offered with no cash restitution allowed (214).   In the end, the government did agree to $10 million dollars in payments to the â€Å"living syphiltics†, the next of kin for those already dead, â€Å"living controls† and the next of kin for the dead controls.   If you had been living with the disease and never treated, you would get a grand total of $37, 500; a paltry amount for the pain and suffering from neglect and racist bigotry (217). Works Cited Jones, James H. Bad Blood: The scandalous story of the Tuskegee experiment – when government doctors played God and science went mad. New York, NY: The Free Press, 1981. Random House Webster’s College Dictionary, 2nd Ed.   New York, NY: Random House, 1997.

Collaborative Work in Social Care

Collaborative Work in Social Care Introduction The following essay proposes to consider the question of collaborative working in social care, looking in particular at the impact of collaborative working between agencies and professional disciplines within the context of children and families. This represents an especially complex problem to attempt to tackle with the issues of both collaborative working and working with children families subject to an almost constant process of reform and change in the contemporary era. When, for instance, we pause to consider the way in which collaborative work has become such a central feature of contemporary social policy in western liberal democracies with the promulgation of the partnership approach to government dictating the pattern of a variety of social, cultural, economic and political initiatives, we can see that any discussion relating to multi-agency work must reside in some part within the realms of a constantly changing political ideology that seeks in the first instance to instil new parameters for social work practice (Quinney, 2006:5-21). Likewise, when we consider the changing nature of working with children and families in the contemporary era, we can see that a decidedly pervasive legislative and policy framework increasingly that seeks to infringe upon the practice of social work on both an individual and a collaborative level cannot help but impact upon our understanding of the nature and role of the social worker within the context of children and families (OLoughlin and Bywater, 2008:14-27). Thus, we need to observe from the outset the way in which the following essay constitutes an inherently subjective discussion where any conclusions garnered should be understood as open to further change and reinterpretation. For the purpose of perspective, we intend to adopt a dualistic approach to the problem at hand, looking firstly at the political, ideological and legal context in which social work with children and families currently takes place. In this way, we will be better able to demonstrate an effective understanding of the field of child and family work, the social work role and the multidiscipline system in relation to children in need and children in need of protection. Secondly, we will look at the implications of our own evidence-based research yielded from group dynamics involving a specific case study of children and families. In this way, we will be better able to demonstrate an understanding of the importance of evidence-based practice. Moreover, in this way, we will be better able to consider both the strengths and the weaknesses of the collaborative approach to social service provision at the dawn of the twenty first century. Before we can begin, though, we need to briefly consider the historical context in order to establish a conceptual framework in which the remainder of the discussion can take place. The political, ideological and legal context of working with children and families To understand the significance of the multi-agency, collaborative approaches to child protection we need to first mention some of the most profound cases of child cruelty, which have acted as a launch pad for reforms of social services. When, for instance, we pause to consider the case of Dennis ONeil who was starved and subsequently beaten to death by his foster father in 1945, we can see that instances of extreme abuse of looked after children directly contributed to reform of the child social services system. Maria Colwell was similarly abused and killed at the hands of her stepfather in spite of over fifty official visits to the family by social services, health visitors, police officers and housing officers before her death in 1973. As a result of the ensuing enquiry into Maria Colwells death, looked after children were assigned a guardian by the state. (Cocker and Allain, 2008:24) Likewise, public outrage, internal inquiries and institutional reform accompanied the murders of J asmine Beckford in 1984 and the uncovering of widespread sexual abuse amongst looked after children in Cleveland in 1987. In addition, the wrongful fostering of children on the Orkney Islands in 1991 after social workers mistakenly assumed that parents were part of a satanic cult triggered a reconfiguration of child protection policy, acting as a timely reminder as to the fallibility of decision making at an individual as well as an organisational level. Yet while it is true that childrens services have been influenced by individual historical cases of neglect, abuse and murder, it is also true that social work and childrens services are inherently tied to the dominant political ideology of the day. As we have already asserted, social work practice in the contemporary era is an inherently political issue with a pervasive neoliberal political ideology dictating the pattern of social policy and welfare reform over the course of the past two decades. Nowhere is this modernising neoliberal impetus more prominent than in the field of social work with children and families (Johns, 2009:39-54). Beginning with the Childrens Act of 1989 and continuing with the amended Childrens Act of 2004, the state has increasingly sought to make provisions for disadvantaged children and failing families in order to reduce the debilitating ill effects of marginalisation and social exclusion. These two Acts, in conjunction with a variety of other related social policies and statutory framework such as the Every Child Matters programme, constitute an ideological watershed with regards to the way in which the state legislatively copes with the numerous issues arising from children and families. Most obviously, these pieces of legislation and the broader emphasis upon social inclusion that they entail telegraph a new way of responding to issues arising from children and families by looking to target the causes (rather than the consequences) of neglect, exclusion, abuse and the ubiquitous problem of failing families. As a result, it is important to observe the way in which the reforms initiated over the closing decades of the twentieth century and the opening decade of the twenty first century represent a move away from the permissive social policies of the post-war years so as to incorporate a discernibly more preventative agenda for working with children and families (Morri s, Barnes and Mason, 2009:43-67). It is within this climate of preventative action that we must consider the genesis and subsequent evolution of collaborative social work practice with multi-agency work being intrinsically tied to the broader imperative of safeguarding children. The statutory framework of the Every Child Matters initiative, underpinned by the Childrens Act (2004) is, for instance, inherently tied to the partnership, collaborative approach to social service provision involving the active participation of professionals across all spectrums who work with children and young adults (Brammer, 2009:166). Understood in this way, the role of the social worker represents one part of a broader network of rights and responsibilities incorporating General Practitioners, psychologists, educational practitioners, housing association officers, National Health Service professionals, law enforcement agencies, government officials, local councillors, parents, family members and any number of related workers and associa tes who are able to help formulate an effective social agenda which places the child at the epicentre of all key decision-making. In this way, the social worker is better able to communicate with children who have suffered or are suffering from cases of neglect and abuse (Davies and Duckett, 2008:164-166). As a consequence, it is clear that partnership and collaboration should be understood as the ideological bedrock of the contemporary legal and political framework for dealing with children, families and young adults, constituting the single most important guiding principle for social workers operating in the highly complex, risk-orientated contemporary social sphere. Fuelled in some part by the high profile cases of internal failings contributing to childrens neglect where, most notably, the untimely death of Victoria Climbie in 2000 highlighted gross failures of the system (Laming, 2003:11-13), collaborative working between agencies and professional disciplines is today understood as the most viable means of positively impacting upon the well being of both children and families (Brammer, 2009:182.) In response to the murder of Victoria Climbie and, more pertinently, as a result of the economic imperative to cut back on public sector spending, the New Labour government, followed by the present coalition government, has increasingly sought to further the multi-agency approach to social services. The Childrens Plan (2007), for example, constitutes an ideological extension of the collaborative methodology championed in the Every Child Matters campaign with the government, agencies and professionals all charged with improving childrens lives. (The Department for Children, Schools and Families, 2010:29) Safeguarding the well being of children is therefore no longer considered to be the sole responsibility of the state; rather, it is clear that promoting the welfare of children and families is increasingly dependent upon adopting an integrated approach with a variety of agencies, organisations and individuals sharing the responsibility for welfare while at the same time ensuring that the child remains the focus of proactive, preventative action (The Department for Children, Schools and Families, 2010:31-34). It is consequently important to underline the strengths of the multi-agency approach to social care provision, underscoring in particular the way in which focusing upon collaborative working with children and families offers a holistic approach to what is an essentially multi-faceted problem. However, while we are correct to acknowledge the modernising ideology that underpins modern social work practice, we also need to observe the way in which the day to day practice of social work with children and families has revealed a significant underlying chasm between, on the one hand, the preventative legal framework and, on the other hand, the deep-seated flaws in the multi-agency, inter-disciplinary approach to welfare provision in the modern day (Oko, 2008:16-39). In spite of the best efforts of policy makers and in spite of the preventative statutory framework enshrined in the Every Child Matters initiative, there remain deep-rooted structural and logistical problems pertaining to the multi-agency approach. For example, the horrific death of Baby P in 2007 which occurred after social services, National Health Service consultants, and police officers demonstrates that there remains a clear and identifiable problem with regards to communication between agencies, organisations and professions. Moreover, the harrowing case of Baby P serves to demonstrate that, even when extreme levels of abuse are being reported, there remains a problem regarding intervention. The multi-agency approach to social care provision in the contemporary should therefore be understood as being inherently flawed with the collaborative system beset by a variety of structural weaknesses and new ideological complexities (Milner and OByrne, 2009:19-23). Although we should not seek to overlook the strengths of multi-agency, collaborative working we must, as Eileen Munro attests, consider the way in which an exceedingly risk-orientated socio-political culture has created additional problems for social workers in the modern era with an increasingly bureaucratic, administrative understanding of social services hampering the attainment of a critical understanding of the underlying economic, cultural and political factors that create problems in the social sphere (Munro, 2008:58-76). An over-emphasis upon res earch and policy has not yet yielded a significant reduction in the chasm between theory and practice. Working in a Group: The Lessons for Working with Children and Families Hitherto, we have focused upon attempting to understand how the dominant political, ideological and legal framework looks to dictate the pattern of social services at the dawn of the twenty first century. We have also seen that while policies and frameworks seek to instil a fresh, collaborative approach to working with children and young families the practical reality of working in a multi-agency context still leads to significant problems pertaining to communication. This, in the final analysis, is an inevitable consequence of working with the dynamics of groups where there is little by way of direction and where, more importantly, different group members harbour different perspectives and different ambitions with regards to the nature, role and purpose of the project at hand. In the group that I worked in, there were six participants. Two were two white women one a young woman in her early twenties; the other a woman in her thirties who is the mother of two young children. There were also two black women in the group; both of these women were in their thirties and both had children. In addition, there were two black men present in the group. As soon as the group began to convene, it was immediately apparent that there was a significant problem with regards to when the group could meet. Family commitments, coupled with work placements, conspired to make agreeing on a time to meet extremely difficult. Furthermore, when work was assigned to particular individuals it was not completed on time. A lack of structure was therefore prevalent from the start. As time went by and the problems with communication within the group continued to grow, it became apparent that the two white women took it upon themselves to act as the leaders of the group, delegating work as if they had been assigned the role of the managers. The younger woman in her early twenties was observed to be especially aggressive and domineering. When confronted she failed to act in a professional manner, which placed further strain upon the dynamics of the group. Furthermore, as the two white women exerted increasing levels of managerial control, it became apparent that they were withholding important information from the rest of the group. This was either because they did not trust the other members of the group to work to their standards or because they wished to take sole responsibility for the project upon completion. Regardless of their true intentions, the lack of co-ordination and communication resulted in a disappointing final presentation that had been undermine d on account of a wholesale lack of rehearsal. The lack of cohesive, coordinated action within the group revealed a great deal about the inherent problems of inter-agency work with children and families. Most obviously, there was a clear and identifiable problem relating to a lack of leadership and direction in the group. Although there were only six members, every participant appeared to have their own specific agenda, which meant that the overall goal became lost in the resulting confusion of responsibilities. This, according to Michael Gasper, is a key problem in multi-agency working with children and young people where a convergence of interests creates fertile grounds for problems relating to management and leadership (Gasper, 2009:92-110). In such circumstances, it is often the agency or partner that adopts the most rigorously aggressive attitude which ends up assuming a leadership-type role largely against the best interests of the project in hand. This was certainly the case in the group we observed where the two white w omen assumed leadership roles although no such premise had been discussed and in spite of the fact that no such policy had been agreed. In this instance, of course, it is impossible to ignore the spectre of underlying race issues that may have consciously or subconsciously influenced the behaviour of the two white women within the group. Race issues are intrinsically tied to power issues; thus, the white women might have felt the need to assume control of a group dominated by black people. Again, the issue of power and the impact that this has upon inter-personal relationships within a multi-agency setting is an important factor for us to consider. As Damien Fitzgerald and Janet Kay underscore, power is an inexorably important factor that needs to be legislated for when teams come together in an interdisciplinary, multi-professional context. This is especially true during the early consultative stages of group work the storming stage where there may be fighting, power struggles, disputes and destructive criticism, which need to be managed effectively so as to minimise the impact upon the setting or the service. (Fi tzgerald and Kay, 2007:92) The relationships that emerge from the storming stage are subsequently normalised during the ensuing norming stage where the team starts to adopt its own identity. If, however, the relationships between the various agencies have not settled down into an egalitarian pattern by the norming stage of development, the power struggles and internal disputes will inevitably affect the performing stage of task management. Most notably, the creative process will be stifled and the focus that should be dedicated towards the completion of the task will be diverted towards the power struggles within the group (Cheminais, 2009:38-40). This was certainly the case in the group I worked in where problems in the storming stage were translated into more serious structural problems in the norming stage, both of which ultimately affected the final performing stage of the task. Thus, once more, we need to acknowledge the significant divide between theory and practice in collaborative working with children and families where, as Jayat suggests, policies can be well intentioned, yet are often poorly co-ordinated and, in practice, under-resourced. (Jayat, 2009:92) Furthermore, while acknowledging the problems that multi-agency, collaborative work entails, we also need to consider the way in which the infusion of children into the scenario creates further avenues for a lack of cohesive, co-ordinated action. If, as the evidence suggests, information sharing is negatively influenced by multi-agency, collaborative working with adults, then it stands to reason that there is bound to be much greater scope for withholding information when children and families are integrated into the procedure. If relationships at an agency level are strained then it stands to reason that, as Butler and Roberts attest, that social workers will find it even harder to maintain open and honest relationships with children and their parents in a social work context (Butler and Roberts, 2004:129-130). More importantly, it is clear that there is little time for power struggles and disputes when a childs welfare is at stake. In the final analysis, this kind of internal wrang ling runs contrary to the central tenet of the Every Child Matters and the Working to Safeguard Children campaigns, which look to make sure that the child remains the centre of task-centred, multi-agency focus (Department for Children, Schools and Families, 2010:32). We should, of course, be careful not to assume that all group dynamics follow the pattern of the group we observed. While evidence suggests that there remains a significant scope for problems of power, communication, authority and direction within multi-agency settings it is also true that, if handled in the appropriate manner, collaborative practice allows differences in values to surface and, if effectively minded, to be aired and resolved over time (Glenny and Roaf, 2008:111) In such circumstances, multi-agency work with children and families can serve to positively influence the health and well being of service users. As a consequence, it is important not to assume that the structural weaknesses of collaboration mean that there are no strengths to the multi-agency process. Conclusion Understanding the strengths and the weaknesses of collaborative working between agencies and professional disciplines is dependent upon first understanding the distance to be travelled between the theory of prevention and the practice of collaboration at a grass roots level. Looking to reduce the divide between theory and practice, between the political and ideological framework and the multi-agency, collaborative approach, consequently represents the most critical challenge facing social workers and social policy makers alike. This is especially true as far as childrens services are concerned. Ultimately, though, when looking to pass a judgement on the relative strengths and weakness of multi-agency working with children and families we need to recall that agencies involve individuals responding to crises in the social sphere. As Beckett attests, every individual participant in the child protection process, and every profession or agency, necessarily sees things from his, her or its own particular standpoint and has his, her or its own particular axes to grind. It is important to bear in mind that no one participant possesses the pure and unadulterated truth.' (Beckett, 2009:29) Social work is an inherently complex and subjective discipline where there is no right or wrong answer to the multitude of questions arising from the breakdown of interpersonal relationships. Collaborative work should consequently be understood as being inherently fallible. Only by concentrating upon improving the internal group dynamics of multi-agency functioning can the chasm between theory and practice begin to be reduced.