Definition and Examples of Putative Should in English

In English grammar, putative should is the use of the word should in contexts that indicate surprise or disbelief, or that refer to the occurrence (or possible occurrence) of some situation or event. This usage differs from the should of obligation (i.e., the mandative should). As noted by Randolph Quirk et al., putative should (also called emotional should) occurs in that clauses after expressions of emotion (sorrow, joy, displeasure, surprise, wonder, etc.), and is often accompanied by intensifying expressions such as so, such, like this/that, ever, or at all (A Comprehensive Grammar, 1985). In addition, putative should  occurs in subordinate clauses as an alternative to the subjunctive after expressions of suggesting, advising, etc.: They insisted that I (should) stay the whole week (Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, 1994). Putative should is more common in British English than in American English. Also Known  As:  emotional  should, attitudinal  should, hypothetical  should, subjunctive  should Examples Major Green gently nodded and then briefly glanced through the same porthole, behind which the Earth lay static and diminutive, no bigger than an average football. The oddest thing for me is that people should be living there at all! he exclaimed on a softly humorous note. (John OLoughlin, Millennial Projections, 1983)It is surprising that you should find this practice shocking, since you French cut off the heads of your King and Queen. (Rebecca West, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon: A Journey Through Yugoslavia, 1941)I know its a little strange, a little bit of a contradiction, that a far-seeing place should also be a basement place, but thats how it is with me. (Stephen King, Stephen King, On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft. Scribner, 2000)It seems a great shame you should have to pay for what Albert and Clara did. (Arnold Bennett, These Twain, 1915)It is sad that you should talk such nonsense, and sadder that I should have to listen.(Ferdinand Canning Scott Schiller, Studies in Humanism , 1912)Peter Walsh, who had done just respectably, filled the usual posts adequately, was liked, but thought a little cranky, gave himself airs—it was odd that he should have had, especially now that his hair was grey, a contented look; a look of having reserves. (Virginia Woolf, Mrs. Dalloway, 1925) Adjectives With Putative Should The adjectives anxious, eager, and willing are followed by a that-clause with putative should or the subjunctive. Adjectives expressing concepts concerned with modality or volition (Quirk et al 1985: 1224) also belong to this group. Examples are appropriate, essential, important, vital. Adjectives which can be followed by a verb phrase in the that-clause with either an indicative verb phrase or one with putative should express emotions. Examples are afraid, angry, hopeful, inconceivable, odd, sad, sorry, surprised, surprising. (Ilka Mindt, Adjective Complementation: An Empirical Analysis of Adjectives Followed by That-Clauses. John Benjamins, 2011) Factual Should In most of its uses, should is to be found in contexts which are either counterfactual (as in You should be in your office at this time of day, which presupposes ...but you are not in your office) or tentative (as in You should give up smoking, which contains a presupposition approximately paraphrasable as ...but Im not sure you will give up smoking). In some cases, however, should is used in contexts which—at least apparently—contain no negative implication. These contexts, which may be called factual, seem to contradict the hypothesis that -ed always expresses a presupposition of unreality. (Most factual uses of should concern what is often called putative should—see, for instance, Quirk et al...The coincidence of the two categories, however, is only partial.) (Paul Larreya, Irrealis, Past Time Reference and Modality. Modality in Contemporary English, ed. by Roberta Facchinetti, Manfred G. Krug, and Frank Robert Palmer. Walter de Gruyter, 2003) Jespersen on Emotional Should We may use the term emotional should for the use of should in passing a judgment of an emotional character (agreeable or disagreeable surprise, indignation, joy) on some occurrence which may, or may not, be a fact. A sentence like Why was the date omitted? is a mere factual question, but Why should the date of the document be omitted? implies wonder and, possibly, some suspicion of the purity of the motives. Compare further: Where the divell should he learne our language? (Sh.). Why should they try to influence him? [I see no reason] Someone asking for you. Who should ask for me? Similarly, these examples show use in clauses: It is not good that the man should be alone (AV). It was quite natural that the Russians should hate their oppressors. Why should she have done so, I can hardly tell. It is strange that she married (or has married) such an old man merely states the fact; It is strange that she should have married such an old man lays more stress on the strangeness by using the imaginative should in the clause. (Otto Jespersen, Essentials of English Grammar. George Allan Unwin, 1933) Also See Conditional Clause  and  Conditional SentenceConfused Words:  Should  and  Would

Jackie Robinson and Race in America A Brief History with Documents Free Essay Example, 1750 words

His moderate character and the ability to accept rudeness and aggression with a smile makes him an outstanding person and a player. Sporting News expressed admiration by the Robinson`s outstanding efforts in adjustment to racial pressure but underlined the fact that all baseball players should be evaluated according to their skills primarily and not according to their skin color (Zeiler, 2013). Jackie Robinson contributed greatly to the establishment of equal civil rights in America. During his successful career in baseball he understood his role as a spiritual leader and became involved into social movements for equal rights for Afro-Americans. Robinson could show that colored people should be treated in the same way as white despite of how difficult it may seem. He was one of the first black spokesmen who came to the House Committee on Un-American Activities to express himself on his topic of interest. In his speech Robinson underlined his intentions to fight against race discrimi nation and to establish democratic society. Jackie also addressed to the Presidents of the USA claiming that Negros have the legitimate law stated in the constitution to be treated equally and asked Eisenhower to assist Afro-American minority in this goal. We will write a custom essay sample on Jackie Robinson and Race in America: A Brief History with Documents or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Robinson also communicated to Kennedy whom he asked to guarantee Martin King`s safety after a horrible murder of Medgar Evers. Thus, Robinson`s active citizen`s position was articulated to the public, he found enough courage to address to the Presidents of the state as he felt that he was investing in democracy establishment and moral and equal rights restoration. As a businessman himself, Jackie Robinson, considered it necessary to fight for equal business opportunities for Black people. Many colored businesses were thriving but Robinson along with other leaders fought for shared markets. In his speech he called for business and industry support of Afro-Americans desire to become equal citizens and to earn respect. Moreover, Robinson aimed to encourage Afro-American minority to fight for equality, underlining that there is no more ways to tolerate injustice. The initiative of integration was supported by the mayor of New York who pushed it either b y influence of a black sportswriter Sam Lacy or out of his own will. In the report submitted by Baseball Committee it was stated that Negros integration into major baseball league is inevitable and complicated at the same time. Several problems, such as trainings in the South states and team collaboration were highlighted in the report.

Analysis Of The Movie Twilight - 1222 Words

In the movie Twilight, the protagonist Bella Swan, a teenager in high school, risks everything to fall in love with the handsome vampire, Edward Cullens. The story sets in Forks, Washington, where Bella moves in with her father, Charley. Bella’s life stays calm and dull until she meets the vampire family which turns her life up-side-down. Edward Cullens and Bella Swan fall in love with each other at first sight. The love between immortal is not easy; conflicts arise with the interference of werewolves and human. As time bypasses Edward and Bella’s relationship goes through different stages which leads to their marriage and the birth of their daughter, Renesmee Cullens. The initiation stage normally takes plus or minus six seconds. This is when the first impression between the two individuals are made. Bella Swan and Edward Cullens are at the initiation step when they met each other in Forks High School’s cafeteria. Edward, along with the rest of the Cullens, walk s in through the door and Bella spots her eye on the bright, gorgeous vampire. It took them less than ten seconds to realize there are something different with each other. However, they did not start a conversation. The experimentation stage, which is also called uncertainty reduction, is when the two individuals ask questions to understand each other a little more. This often determines whether a long term relationship works between the two people. Bella and Edward are at the experimentation stage when they areShow MoreRelatedTwilight Movie Analysis937 Words   |  4 PagesGabrielle Law Dr. Savoy PSY 376-501 10 November 2017 Bella’s Development Young adults go through many changes during their adolescent developmental years, including cognitive, emotional, and social development. Isabella Swan, the main character of the movie Twilight, shows the audience a great visual representation of how she goes through emerging adulthood. Isabella, or Bella for short, is a teen girl in high school who just moved to a new city, Forks, Washington, with her father whom she had not seen sinceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Twilight 1211 Words   |  5 Pagesgrander opportunity than to confer the 2008 blockbuster Twilight as a specimen. Twilight originally was paper back and eventually became a motion picture hit after the book became well recognized. The two different opportunities of accessing this unique love story has enhanced the awareness and also makes deliberations to be inclusive to the audience. This has also made it cheaper to view because there was a chose. A brief over of Twilight: Bella moves into Forks, Washington State and suffers fromRead MoreThe Movie Twilight Film Analysis804 Words   |  4 Pages Twilight Twilight, is a movie known by many people, directed by Catherine Hardwicke in 2008. Twilight is just the first of many movies in the series, â€Å"The Twilight Saga†. Isabella â€Å"Bella† Swan (Kristen Stewart), the main character, is a teenage girl, she is moving from her loved home in sunny and warm Arizona with her mom, to Forks, a always rainy and dreary small town in the state of Washington to live with her father. When she goes to school she meets Edward Cullen (Robert Pattinson) a vampireRead MoreFilm Review Of Twilight 988 Words   |  4 PagesFilm Analysis of Twilight This report is a presentation of an evaluation of the first Twilight film, Twilight, which came out in 2008. This film depicts many family concepts, values, and relationships that were covered in the textbook, Public and Private Families: An Introduction, seventh edition, written by Andrew J. Cherlin. The main purpose of this film analysis is to address the different types of relationships, family values, and family concepts in this film. In this film there are multipleRead MoreThe Stereotypical Gender Ring : Bella Swan s Indifference Vs. Rosalie Hale s Proactivity932 Words   |  4 Pagesand Popular Culture Research Proposal and Thesis October 5, 2015 Entering the Stereotypical Gender Ring: Bella Swan’s Passivity vs. Rosalie Hale’s Proactivity For my research project I have decided to choose a character from a popular book series, Twilight which was written by Stephenie Meyer. The forbidden love story between a plain human girl and a gorgeous vampire boy sparked the hearts of millions, but the singular character I’m conducting my research on is Rosalie Hale. While Bella Swan, the mainRead MoreThe Act Of Killing By Joshua Oppenheimer1497 Words   |  6 PagesMovie productions produce an extensive range of exclusive films to engage the audience in their film-making process and creation. A customized amount of movies deliberately contain a theme of social unrest. The creation of such film is mainly accomplished by recreating the occurrence and presenting it in a similar perspective, making it available to their current or future audience. However, what are the motives filmmakers desiring to produce a reenactment film regarding social unrest and how doesRead MoreThe Twilight Saga: Redefining the Vampire Essay837 Words   |  4 Pagesthink of the traditional pale-faced, malicious bloodsuckers, sporting a cape and killing people when they’re sleeping. Wrong! Nowadays, the image of a vampire is a handsome, polite, and loving person who protects humans. The new cultural phenomenon Twilight is building a new degrading image for vampires that slaps the face of all previous authors, directors, writers, etc. who contributed to giving the monster its unique image in the past. Simply searching through articles, databases, and other resourcesRead MoreReview Of The Lady With The Toy Dog 1134 Words   |  5 Pages The thought that a fictitious movie like Twilight is actually affecting women seems almost bizarre. You may wonder how it’s even possible that we can be so easily influenced by what some consider an â€Å"aimless series of vampire books†. However, it’s a proven fact that our brains react to fiction tales and they can indeed impact us in ways we could only imagine. A study was done in 2009 at the University of Toronto in Canada testing the hypothesis that art can cause significant changes in the experienceRead MoreCarter Burwell s Impressionist Pieces1912 Words   |  8 Pagesscoring every film they have created. Burwell also composed film music for all of Spike Jonze’s films. He is most famous for his work on Fargo (1996), Being John Malkovich (1999) and Twilight (2008). Burwell’s soundtrack for Twilight, was describes as â€Å"thrilling and exhilarating† (Catherine Hardwicke, director of Twilight). Source: Burwell, 1955, Carterburwell.com, 2014 Clair de Lune: Claude Debussy composed Clair de Lune, the third movement from the Suite Bergamasque in 1888. It was first publishedRead MoreA World Of True Blood And Twilight1349 Words   |  6 PagesIn a world of True Blood and Twilight it is easily seen by the current young adult generation as to how sexualization of vampires is inevitable and as a result is easily accepted. However according to Christopher Craft and his work on â€Å"Gender and Inversion†, that conventional vampiric sexualization is more complex than perceived. Craft’s work outlines many of Bram Stoker’s theses throughout his novel Dracula. He states how there is a gender inversion within Stoker’s vampire; questioning conventional

Internal Sources Of Finance Are - 1491 Words

Internal sources of finance are: â€Å"Organic growth†- This is when the business sponsors itself to grow and develop. It can be attained through: Generating increasing sales- increasing in revenue to increase the overall gain. Use of retained profit- reinvesting retained profit back in the business. Sale of assets- facilitate financing of the company, but reduced its capacity, because selling of assets can reduce the ability of the business to expand in the future. Depending on the time, external sources of finance available to the companies can be divided into 3 main types: Short –term finance-can be used for short periods of time up to one year to cover fluctuations in cash flow (trade credit, bank overdraft, factoring, bills of exchange) Medium-term finance- those sources that a company should pay back in 1 to 5 years (bank loans, hire purchases, leases, credit sale).Choosing loans for medium term financing from companies mean that they have to pay interest and may also have to show they have enoughShow MoreRelatedInternal Sources Of Finance And Finance Essay2349 Words   |  10 PagesInternal sources of finance: Internal sources of finance are funds that arise from within the business such as profits as they can be retained to grow the finance and selling assets. Retained profit Retained profit is the money kept in the company after paying dividends. It is used to reinvest in the business or to pay debt. It comes by a business after it makes profit and is kept separate to use in other ways such as expanding the business by developing new buildings or certain areas, buying newRead MoreInternal And External Sources Of Business Finance2171 Words   |  9 Pagesbusiness I am going to be talking about will be a shop called news, food and wine. This shop can use a wide variety of different internal and external sources, this is why I’m going to be using this business. A shop will need business finance because they might want to expand the business, they can’t afford to pay workers or the bills or they have just started up. Internal finance is to do with money that is coming from the owners or already in the company. However external means that the money is beingRead MoreInternal Sources Of Finance Are Inside The Business2513 Words   |  11 PagesInternal sources of finance are inside the business and are made from the company itself by the services they provide, such as selling stock or keeping back a profit. External sources of finance are from outside of the business from elsewhere, such as an owner who invests money into the business, loans from a bank or people you know, debentures which are loans made to the company, a mortgage, hire purchase, leasing or grants. However these are long term external sources, some short term ones couldRead MoreInternal And External Sources Of Finance For Tesco P4978 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Internal and external sources of finance for Tesco Internal sources of finance (Tesco) Retained earnings: A source of finance used by Tesco is retained earnings. Tesco re-invest a certain percentage of their end of the year profits back into Tesco, so they can improve it. Each year Tesco decide how much money they re-invest, this depends on the profit they make. Fixed assets: Another type of an internal source of finance for Tesco is fixed assets. Fixed assets are an asset that is not consumerRead MoreSources of Internal and External Finance for American Chicken959 Words   |  4 Pageschicken on the different sources of finance available to them , both internal and external. By doing this it will help them achieve both of their business objectives mentioned before. Overview There are two sources of finances available to American chicken, internal and external. Internal sources of finance are finances raised from inside the company for example profit that is re-invested into the business known as retained profit. Internal finance is generally the type of finance that a new businessRead MoreSources of Internal and External Finance for Marks and Spencer760 Words   |  3 PagesMarks and Spencer Sources of Internal and External Finance for Marks and Spencer Mark and Spencer is one of the leading UK retail companies that deal in clothing, house hold items and most recently food. It has a range of outlets over the world for it products. Mark and Spencer source of finance is both internal and external which are discussed briefly in this paper. The paper further discusses the use of budget as a means to exercise financial control. Internal source of finance The CorporationRead MoreDescribe Sources of Internal and External Finance for a Selected Business.999 Words   |  4 PagesAll businesses need money to function sufficiently. Where this money comes from is defined as sources of finance. There are two different types of sources of finance: internal (capital from inside the business) and external (capital from outside the business). New businesses starting up need money to spend in long-term assets such as premises and equipment. They also need cash to pay for materials, pay wages, and to pay the day-today- bills such as water and electricity. In-experienced entrepreneurs  oftenRead MoreP4 Describe Sources of Internal and External Finance for a Selected Business.869 Words   |  4 PagesHead of Finance Report From: Monaj Gurung Date: 23rd October 2012 Title: sources of internal and external finance for Waitrose Source of Finance All business needs money in order to operate properly. Finance simply means the management of some amounts of money. And source of finance is generally the place where money comes from. Example Waitrose gets money by selling their products to the customers and hence customers are the different classes Internal and External source of finance. InternalRead MoreDescribe Sources of Internal and External Finance for a Selected Business, Unit 2 P41424 Words   |  6 PagesDescribe sources of internal and external finance for a selected business For a business to run successfully on a daily basis it needs finances. Success comes when a business expands, reinvests and uses human recourses to run. Bentalls need money to run their business effectively and successfully. It needs finance for its daily running of the business for example, paying staff wages, paying bills for electricity and rent, paying taxes on time and ordering stock regularly. For a long term goal, BentallsRead MoreWhat is Finance Management?1598 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is finance management? â€Å"Financial Management is the Operational Activity of a business that is responsible for obtaining and effectively utilizing the funds necessary for efficient operation.† by Joseph Massie. What is capital market? â€Å"Are places where companies which need long term finance can meet investor† (business study guide, p120) P1.1- Identify the sources of finance available to new business you have chosen. Every business needs finance of money to invest; there are a number of ways

Procrastination of Hamlet Essay Example For Students

Procrastination of Hamlet Essay Hamlets Delay Everyone contains a tinge of Hamlet in his feelings, wants, and worries, and proudly so, for Hamlet is not like the other tragic heroes of his period. He stands apart from other Shakespeares heroes in his today much discussed innocence. Is this supposed tragic hero maybe an ideal hero one without the tragic flaw, which has been a part of the formula for the tragedy since the Golden age of Greece?; is a question that has been the field for many literary critics battles. The main, and, most often, the only flaw that has been attributed to Hamlet is his delay. This seems to constitute the central part in Hamlet. Critics seem to cling to this detail, as if trying to save the status of Hamlet as a typical Elizabethan tragedy of revenge. By the definition of tragedy, there should exist a flaw in the character of the main hero, who is a great personality that is engaged in a struggle that ends catastrophically (Stratford, 90). If Hamlet had no flaw, what kind of tragic hero is he? No doubt, Hamlet is a tragical drama, for it has many characters from the top ending up losing their lives. But the play wouldnt lose its tragic tone if Hamlet was a an ideal hero instead of tragic one, which is exactly the case. If just all critic realized this, maybe today we wouldnt have that much trouble trying to decipher Hamlets character, just like Elizabethan audience never raised any questions concerning Hamlets delay. It was only in the last two centuries, that the audience and their perceptions have drastically changed, which causes this confusion concerning the character that was created by Shakespeare for common people, some ignorant ones among them, perhaps. Hamlet is like a soldier that is thrown into a war where he has to do some things he rather would avoid doing, but under the given circumstances he bites his teeth and carries himself well (Stratford, 128). In this war, the circumstances brought on by Claudiuss murdering of King Hamlet are Hamlets enemy. His dead father is the destroyed country, painful truth which leaves so much hatred and resentment in his heart. Being a loyal prince and son, and one whom entire kingdom respected, he should seek revenge and bring justice back in the royal court. The whole play would be very simple if this murdered was an open assassination. But no, Shakespeare made sure that this assassination was secret, that no one, except maybe Claudius, knew about it. This puts in a completely different context the play that was written by Thomas Kyd, a play titled Ur-Hamlet, which Shakespeare used as a basis for his Hamlet (Grebanier, 111).This way, Shakespeare accomplished very different development of action, and ultimately one of the best plays in the history. Along with that, Shakespeare created disagreement concerning reasons why Hamlet waited so long before killing Claudius. A careful reader can notice that more than two months pass between Hamlet being told by the Ghost about the evil deed, and Hamlet following through his plan. One can argue that from this follows that Hamlet procrastinated, having that one flaw being passive, not daring to act. But Shakespeare never payed attention to this time interval. An audience wasnt aware of it, because Shakespeare didnt want it to be the rather large time interval was of no consequence, and truly one cannot notice this without a conscious calculation (Grebanier, 179). More critics, especially during popularity of Freud, have tried to explain Hamlets delay exclusively from psychological point of view. But how can one psychologically analyze a character that doesnt exist in physical world; whose existence is dependent merely on his actions and reactions to the events and other characters from play? J. Dover Wilson summarized it by saying that Hamlet is a character in a play, not in history (Weitz, 107). From the point of view of these critics, it follows that character preceded the plot, thus shaping it for its needs. But Shakespeare, not to mention all the other play writers, followed Aristotelian view that drama is imitation of life, of the actions of man. .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 , .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 .postImageUrl , .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 , .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795:hover , .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795:visited , .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795:active { border:0!important; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795:active , .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Divine Secrets Of The Ya Ya Sisterhood Essay Paper Plot is a .

Social criticism Essay Example For Students

Social criticism Essay The play is set in Edwardian England and aims to expose the social criticisms of the time. Just before World War 1, with the Titanic, an apparently unsinkable ship, ready to set sail, on her first voyage in a few weeks, which as we now know, did actually sink. This possibly showing the upper class arrogance, that they were far superior to any other person. The play begins with the Birlings celebrating the engagement of Sheila their daughter, to a wealthy young man, Gerald Croft. The Birlings appear to be a reasonably joyful family but they are so involved in themselves that they fail to notice that anything that is going on around them until an inspector calls. Inspector Goole cleverly visits the family while they are celebrating the engagement in a cheerful mood. This could signify that the upper classes are too busy having a good time and not thinking about the rest of the world, that they have to be brought back to reality by something horrible happening; in this case, the death of Eva Smith, a working-class girl. This demonstrates that Priestly is criticising the upper classes for being too involved with themselves to care about other people. One of the most obvious points that Priestly criticises about us as humans, is that everyone wants to pass the blame onto other people, which is mirrored by the Birlings who all pass the blame for Evas death onto someone else when they are questioned. They all make actions without thinking, but then start to regret it. The first person to start off Eva Smiths cycle of misfortune was Mr. Birling, when he sacked Eva from her job at his factory because she lead a group of girls who asked for a pay rise. Mr. Birling told the Inspector, Eva Smith was one of them. Shed had a lot to say far too much so she had to go. This shows how expendable Mr Birling thinks, that his workers are in his power to do as he says and it is his duty to get rid of the workers that cause trouble, or potentially start something that may osculate into something far worse. Mr. Birlings attitude demonstrates perfectly how selfish, and unsympathetic the upper class at the time were. Even though he has more plenty of money, Mr. Birling still tries to keep the running costs of the factory down and obviously doesnt place much value on the workers he employees. He was selfish by trying to keep money within the family. Priestly criticises this aspect of human nature, that we cant accept any responsibility for other people, or for our own mistakes. Although Mr Birling says that he cannot accept responsibility, he seems to know that it is perfectly possible that he does hold some responsibility. He says, If we were all responsible for everything that happened to everybody wed had anything to do with, it would be very awkward. After being sacked, Eva got a job at Milwards, but also got fired from there. After an encounter with Mr. Birlings daughter; Sheila. Shelia was jealous of how pretty Eva was, when wearing a hat, and complained to the manager, saying that Eva had been rude to her. Sheila admitted to the inspector that she had acted very childishly and had not thought of the consequences of her actions, regretting it later. Sheila was able to get Eva sacked because of her position in society, whereas Eva, who was of a lower class than Sheila, and was therefore not able to stand up for herself. .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 , .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 .postImageUrl , .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 , .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871:hover , .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871:visited , .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871:active { border:0!important; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871:active , .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tragic hero EssayPriestly is trying to convey the message that we all have a collective responsibility for everyone else, by saying that if the Birlings had not have done the things they did, Eva may not have committed suicide. Status is another important issue raised in the play. Sheila was only able to have Eva Smith fired, simply because she was of a higher class than Eva. In 1912, when the play was set, class was a major issue among society and everyone was placed in definite class boundaries. Mrs. Birling says, I dont suppose for a moment that we can understand why the girl committed suicide. Girls of that class-, displaying, appropriately, the attitudes of the people in higher classes towards those in lower class. Mrs. Birling, is the head of an establishment that helps women who are in distress, but she only does it so that she is seen to be giving something back into society, this is purely because she is trying to look like she is a caring, upper class woman. When Eva was pregnant, she went to Mrs Birlings charity for financial aid. Eva, without knowing, used Mrs. Birlings name, Mrs. Birling, appalled by the girls cheek, decided not to help her. She was dismayed that a girl of that status would imagine to use the name Birling. Mrs Birlings lack of regard for people shows that she can only be the head of the establishment because all she wants is power, not because she cares for people, and is consequently not worthy of this role within the establishment. Mrs Birling is a prime example of women during this period. Similar to her husband, she believes that she is superior, due to wealth and thinks this qualifies her to be respected, held in awe and make judgments on peoples lives as she so wishes. When the inspector questions Mr Birling, he keeps trying to show his status and use this to keep him out of trouble. A good example of this, is that Mr Birling repeatedly tells the inspector about his contacts within the police force. Mr Birling says, I ought to warn you that Colonel Roberts is an old friend of mine, and I see him fairly frequently, which sounds as if he is trying to blackmail the inspector into leaving. He quite obviously thinks rather highly of himself, and that his contacts with other persons makes him far more superior than any other person, and this will keep him out of harms path. Another theme within the play is appearance more than anything, Mr. Birling was worried about there being a public scandal, and doesnt want everyone to know about their visit from the inspector. He does not seem particularly bothered or uneasy about the death of Eva Smith. Similarly, Mrs. Birling refuses to consider that Eric could even drink, and only believes what she wants too. Within the Birling family there is a lot of lying going on. Firstly, Eric lies to his mother so that he can get out of the house to fulfil his drinking urge. Mrs. Birling fails to acknowledge to herself that there is anything wrong with Eric, as she is frightened that it could ruin her or her husbands reputation. The Inspector says that, Public men, Mr. Birling, have responsibilities as well as privileges. Mr. Birling is so concerned about not ruining his good reputation that he needs someone to tell him this. Gerald also lies to Sheila about his affair with Daisy Renton, but because he is honest about it when the Inspector asks him, so she forgives him for being honest about it when questioned, rather than trying to cover it up. .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f , .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f .postImageUrl , .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f , .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f:hover , .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f:visited , .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f:active { border:0!important; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f:active , .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Comparison of The Red Room and The Cask OF Amontillado EssayNear the end of the play, the Birlings learn, via a phone call, that Inspector Goole does not really exist, and that a girl did not really die. Instead of learning from what the inspector had taught them, they decide to forget about what they did to the girl and commemorate. Here Priestly is highlighting the point that often people do not learn from their mistakes. The most significant message Priestly is trying to convey is that that there are those in honoured positions in society who have power, and abuse it. Priestly uses the Inspector as a guide, to help pin point our conscience to make us aware of this misconduct. The privileged people in society often take advantage of those with a lower status or those of less importance than themselves, such as Eva Smith who was a working class girl trying hard to make a living. But was being used as more of a tool rather than a human to make money for the person who would abuse there power, by discarding her when she became of no more use to them. Priestly is trying to show that this is what will continue to happen in society if we do not learn from our mistakes. Between the years when the play was set and the play was written; 1912-1945, the country experienced World Wars, unrest, Depression, the atomic bomb, fascism and the Holocaust. By 1945 it was possible to look back and see that a full circle had taken place, that an uncaring society had helped each other to survive the devastation of wars and worse. This emphasises on the point of how significant it is that we care for each other and do not just think of ourselves, but instead help others who are in more need than ourselves. The play is unquestionably a social assessment, criticising the class system, the attitudes of the rich towards the poor, the way society tries to shift blame to others and the insincerity of people. Society puts on a disguise, that Inspector Goole broke down, by exposing the Birlings to make them realise and aware about the effect their actions had towards other people and making them aware that in reality and effect, everyone is equal, no matter of social standing or role in society.