I and Thou Essay

Present paper participates in basic assessment of essential ideas, perceptions and thoughts, made by well known Jewish author and thinker Martin Buber in his book ‘I and Thou’. Buber’s book is frequently referenced as one of the significant impacts in Western philosophical writing of the twentieth century. In particular, the way of thinking of discourse, advanced by Buber reverberated with and impacted comparable commitment of such logicians and studies, as Levinas, Bakthtine, existentialist scholar (Sartre) and others. In view of the investigation of Buber’s thoughts and their general philosophical setting of the time, present exposition protects the theory that Buber’s reasoning ought to be viewed as an idealistic task, described by the dreamer vision of human culture and nature and powerlessness to discover answer for genuine social logical inconsistencies. I and Thou In his investigation of ‘I’ in contemporary world Buber centers around exemplary convention of the way of thinking of cognizance, got from Descartes and Kant. In this convention ‘I’ is comprehended as unadulterated subject of self-ruling explanation and moral activities. The curiosity of Buber’s commitment is that he attempts to rationalistically interface individual ‘I’ with Other (Thou). In contrast to prior endeavors of Hegel and Husserl, Buber’s endeavor is portrayed by profound impacts of Judaism strict custom. Fundamentally, Buber conceptualizes the double resistance of I and Thou as the wellspring of any human connections in reality. Rather than ‘I’ relationship with ‘It’ (an article), ‘I’ â€â€˜Thou’ pair is described with crossing point and trade between various awareness, both individual (human) and target (God). God is alluded to by Buber as Eternal Thou, one that develops the firmest bind with ‘I’. ‘It’ †‘It’ relationship is viewed by Buber as the relationship which might be estimated by the amount of the articles we have in our day by day life (Buber, 34). This relationship isn't private and cognizant. Interestingly, â€Å"I†-‘Thou† is a living connection between individuals enduring as long as someone else is available in physical closeness and awareness. The nearness of a person close to another individual consequently brings about the work of ‘I’-‘Thou’ relationship regardless of whether it not saw deliberately. Profound connection between various subjects (‘I’ and ‘Thou’) is the essential law of human presence when all is said in done. Buber attempts to decipher this law utilizing hermeneutic strategy. He contends that even in language, saying ‘Thou’ infers tending to your words and emotions to a given individual and consequently, ‘Thou’ can not be disengaged from awareness †it establishes its unmistakable part. Utilizing case of a tree, Buber shows that despite our point of view, a tree would consistently be an Object for us, since it needs cognizance: â€Å"I can repress its genuine nearness and structure so harshly that I remember it just as a declaration of law. † (Buber, 51). Buber contends that I-Thou relationship can not be appropriately clarified †it is best explained by the idea of Love, reflected in God. God become ‘Thou’ when he is legitimately spoken as well. As per Buber, God is available in each part of human cognizance including expressions, culture and music. In this manner, I-Thou relationship discovers its outmost acknowledgment in the connection among God and an Individual. Investigate of Buber’s thoughts Notwithstanding positive job of Buber’s thoughts in the development of 20-th century existentialism and humanist way of thinking of Dialog, one should highlight pivotal downsides and lacks of Buber’s thoughts and approach. As it was noted in the presentation, we can't help suspecting that Buber falls into the snare of optimism and utopianism in the clarification of genuine human relations. Additionally, his utilization of strict convention of Judaism in tending to true connections may likewise appear to present day specialists risky. As a matter of first importance, human connections in Buber’s book are conceptualized through the crystal of individual awareness, a methodology that was progressive in 18 and 19-th hundreds of years, yet essentially fell behind present day advancements in social brain research, social and political theories. Buber treats human relations at the degree of individual cognizance, notwithstanding, it negates observational realities, which contend that singular conduct is intervened and impacted by social codes, conventions, foundations, for example, family, law, working association, instruction and so forth. To state that human connections might be decreased to digest thoughts of ‘I’ and ‘Thou’ implies maintaining a strategic distance from troublesome issues of social jobs, positions different variables. To state it evidently, in Buber’s idea ‘I’ is a theoretical thought †it's anything but a genuine, recorded person, but instead a specific philosophical idea. In addition, it appears to be dangerous to contend that ‘I’ is unadulterated in its will and musings. Psychoanalytic way to deal with human subjectivity distinctively exhibited that human cognizance is impacted by sub-cognizant dangerous powers, regularly obscure by a person. There is no preventing the significance from claiming the reality, that Buber’s translation of ‘I’ â€â€˜Thou’ relations as the grouping of adoration, connection is likewise optimist generally. Such translation neglects to see national, class and sexual orientation logical inconsistency, which isolate distinctive people. Strict understanding of God as ‘Eternal Thou’ likewise appears to be disputable according to logical perspective. Buber contends that God is available in each circle of human life, including writing, music and culture. In any case, these are made by men and consequently, no job of God in their development is obvious. In addition, it appears to be risky to contend that God as seen in Judaic custom is the outflow of affection and intimateness. As Old Testament proposes, God was somewhat a defender of endless laws, who rebuffed individuals for non-abidance, instead of was a focal point of general love. Despite these clear downsides and inconsistencies, one should highlight vital commitment of Buber’s book to Western way of thinking. Regardless of how idealistic and dreamer, Buber’s theory end up being especially instrumental in the advancement of French existentialism and Russian school of abstract investigate. Buber’s point of view on world as a between emotional relationship discovered its further advancement in the way of thinking of Sartre, Kamu and other French rationalist. Levinas utilized Buber’s theory of exchange in the examination oral discourse and story language. Resembling this turn of events, Russian artistic scrutinize Bakthtine utilized Buber’s thoughts in his investigation of Dostoevsky’s heroes through the crystal of their dialogical relations at the degree of cognizance. The last, yet not the least, it ought to be referenced, that Buber’s ideas were the central of humanist way of thinking in the twentieth century. Despite their romantic and idealistic nature they filled in as regulative thoughts of conduct for a few ages of intelligent people, including such famous as Erich Fromm and Herbert Marcuse. To summarize it, Buber’s book â€Å"I and Thou’ furnishes current scientist with new ideas and thoughts, huge numbers of which appear to be questionable and incomprehensible. Fundamental inadequacies found in Buber’s theory are connected with his utopianism and optimism and absence of regard for present day improvements in sociology, social brain research. The pointless decrease of human culture to singular level makes it difficult to see a more extensive picture of between bunch relations and general social foundations job in human conduct. Despite these insufficiencies, Buber’s book gives a wellspring of fascinating and thought-provocative perusing.

Qantas Airline Management Service Marketing †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Qantas Airline Management Service Marketing. Answer: Presentation Qantas Airlines portrays itself as probably the most world most experienced aircraft that offers exceptional administrations everywhere throughout the globe. The carrier has flight courses everywhere throughout the world and its prosperity has been credited to business methods that are utilized to oversee administration quality and client requests that continue expanding (Qantas, 2016, P. 1). Through its reciprocal carrier brands of Jetstar and Qantas, clients the aircraft gives clients distinctive help characteristics dependent on their moderateness. This paper investigations Qantas aircraft business and the strategies used to oversee quality and request from clients. Investigate of the aircrafts administration outline, A help blue print is an operational device for giving direction on how benefits inside the association are given. This determines physical proof, staff activities and other emotionally supportive networks required to offer quality assistance (Flieb Kleinaltenkamp, 2004, P. 395). A few associations utilize the administration blue print to dragonize operational proficiency and create arrangements. Qantas aircraft works on a help blue print with five principle regions of physical proof, client and activities, in front of an audience worker contact, behind the stage representative contact and bolster forms (see index 1.). This blue print shows various exercises that happen inside the procedure of administration the client. Be that as it may, it needs examination frameworks where clients can give criticism about the administration that they get. Be that as it may, it would have worked better if the client was mentioned to give criticism before they land the plane. This will maintain a strategic distance from inclinations and guarantee that clients dont neglect to give their criticism. Then again, all the exercises are connected to top administration as opposed to connecting to line chiefs who at that point connect to the top administration. This facilitates dynamic and guarantees that client issues are settled on schedule. Servicescape procedure Servicescape procedure is a model that focusses on the effect of nature and the manner in which the conduct of individuals inside the business setting prompts achieving of business objectives. This has hierarchical advantages through impacts on client discernments about the administration that they get (Hoffman,, et al., 2010, P. 2010). This can likewise impact the nature and quality cooperations that exist among representatives and clients. Qantas Airline servicescape methodology exists in a few business territories that suit client needs. To begin with, the carrier offers two one of a kind administrations Jetstar and Qantas which have various administrations. The client can pick any assistance as per the measure of cash that they have. Appointments should be possible online through an online entrance that empowers the client decide the flight that suits their necessities. With this, the client enters in the measure of cash that they have and permit the framework to pick a trip for them that fits the necessities that they have (Qantas, 2016, pp. 3). This improves productivity and guarantees that clients are helpfully served. As a major aspect of staying aware of innovation changes, the organization purchased the Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner that is being utilized by many flight organizations. This is the best trip in the market that gives clients quality assistance. As a major aspect of marking, the carrier refreshed its Kangaroo logo to adjust it to the new flights framework and give it another look to the client (World Airline News, 2016, pp. 4). The seats in the plane are intended to separate between the two classes of flights accessible. Further, the carrier is structured well with enough ventilation to give clients quality flights. Client holding up narrows are open permitting clients to stand by serenely without congestion. The aircraft recognizes the way that it has numerous clients who will swarm at the holding up cove. This is decreased through web based booking where clients can be educated regarding the specific time the flight is leaving to diminish holding up time and clog in the holding up inlet. Administration quality Administration quality analyzes the apparent desires for a client with the exhibition that they get while drawing in with a dealer or a provider. This meets the incentive for cash need of the client through guarantees that what they pay for is the thing that they receive(Ojasalo, 2010). As per Sultan Simpson Jr (2000, P. 190), associations, that reliably meet client quality desires have an expanded pace of bring clients back. Qantas carrier lines serve its clients through close to home consideration and helpful planning to address client issues. All clients are dealt with similarly paying little mind to the flight type that they are utilizing. The representatives have been enough prepared to guarantee that the administrations they offer are in accordance with Qantas culture to meet all the five elements of physical assets, unwavering quality, responsiveness, affirmation and compassion. Protest procedure and administration recuperation, Gripe taking care of and administration recuperation is a client maintenance device that can be utilized as an upper hand in the association (Bendall-Lyon L.Powers, 2001, P. 280) Qantas carrier accomplishes this through a built up client administrations program to guarantee that lost clients are recuperated. Through the client babble, clear procedures for taking care of issues have been set down. Further, clients have gotten to the jabber that shows what they expect when being served and how to bring whines up on the off chance that any of their privileges has been damaged (Qantas, 2016, pp. 3). A client input structure is utilized to give criticism reactions which are then broke down by the board and legitimate arrangements set up. Overseeing gracefully and request The board of gracefully and request is plan the board methodology that permits a business to adjust its assets against the requests of clients. This permits the business to address the issues of the client by setting up satisfactory techniques (Obeng Sakano, 2012, P. 43). For instance, a carrier needs to guarantee that the quantity of appointments don't surpass the accessible trips to limit blockage and deferrals. Flexibly the executives is accomplished through inbound and outbound coordinations that incorporates course determination, yield the board framework, flight booking, group planning and airplane procurement to guarantee that they address the issues of the association. The aircraft has an objective should be accomplished for business destinations. Request the executives is accomplished through versatile tasks that coordinate the interest with the flexibly to lessen framework bottlenecks. Request is overseen through flight the board systems that show accessible trips for the c lient. To limit overbooking, Qantas plans its flights with the goal that clients know when the following flight leaves to permit them plan well. Coordinated showcasing correspondences Coordinated showcasing correspondences usesmarketing procedures to streamline correspondence of the companys brands to its partners and improve the advantages of each channel (Vladmir,, et al., 2012, P. 142). Qantas embraced a coordinated advertising the executives stage to improve operational efficiencies and increment consumer loyalty. This permits joining of promoting tasks, crusade the executives, client information the board and showcasing examination to improve correspondences between the carrier and the client. This framework permits information and crusade to occur simultaneously through a computerized start to finish framework. This will along these lines lead to operational efficiencies that will decrease operational expenses. End Administration quality administration is a key segment of business achievement that each association must figure out how to manage. As a main carrier, Qantas has created administration quality administration methodologies that have seen the aircraft gotten one of the pioneers in Australian aircraft industry. References Bendall-Lyon, D. L.Powers, T., 2001. The Role of Complaint Management in the Service Recovery Process. The Joint Commission Journal on Quality Improvement, 27(5), pp. 278-286. Flieb, S. Kleinaltenkamp, M., 2004. Outline the Service Company: Managing Service Processes Efficiently. Diary of Business Research, 57(4), pp. 392-404. Hoffman, K. D., Bateson, J. E., Elliot, G. Birch, D., 2010. Administration Marketing. Ideas, Strategies and Cases. Asia-Pacific Edition ed. s.l.: Cengage Learning Australia. News, W. A., 2016. QANTAS revives its image and attire, discloses the up and coming Boeing 787-9 lodges. [Online] Available at: https://worldairlinenews.com/tag/syd/[Accessed October 2017]. Obeng, K. Sakano, R., 2012. Carrier admission and seat the executives systems with request reliance. Diary of Air Transport Management, pp. 42-48. Ojasalo, J., 2010. E-Service Quality: A Conceptual Model. Worldwide Journal of Arts and Sciences, 3(7), pp. 127-143. Qantas, 2016. Client Charter and Frequent Flyer Customer Commitment. [Online] Available at: https://www.qantas.com/travel/carriers/client sanction/worldwide/en [Accessed 11 October 2017]. Qantas, 2016. The Qantas bunch initially, s.l.: Qantas Airlines. King, F. Simpson Jr, M., 2000. Worldwide assistance variations: Airline traveler desires and view of administration quality. Diary of Services Marketing, 14(3), pp. 188-216. Vladmir, M., Miroslav, K. Papic, T., 2012. The need to change conventional incorporated showcasing specialized instruments and techiques to new worldwide patterns. Diary of Marketing Communications, 61(4), pp. 141-154.

Positive and Negative Reviews among the 34 Hotels-Free-Samples

Questions: 1.Explain which diary article you picked, and why you picked it. 2.Summarise the central matters of the article in your own words. 3.Consider the degree to which the proof introduced by the creators underpins the contentions that they have made, furnishing explanations behind your response. Answers: Presentation The article Responding to Online Reviews: Problem Solving and Engagement in Hotels is picked to chip away at this task. The idea of utilizing on the web surveys in co-making of the administration gave by the lodging will be centered around during the examination. Four contextual investigations chose in this exploration will feature the significant angles. 1.The article Responding to Online Reviews: Problem Solving and Engagement in Hotels by Sun-Young Park and Jonathan P. Allen was picked for this task. This is on the grounds that online surveys can be considered as significant in the accommodation business for better authoritative execution. It is smarter to accumulate input online on the grounds that it is substantially more powerful than direct criticism. It additionally conveys better legitimacy as the respondents are absent in front. The quick increment in the cordiality business and the extreme rivalry in the equivalent can be managed powerful critical thinking and drawing in workers. 2.There are sure regions, which the specific article has concentrated on. It was referenced in the article that online surveys have adjusted the purchaser dynamic in the neighborliness business. This revision was finished by making data accessible about the administration experience, for example, data about the lodgings and taxes are effectively accessible on the web. With the expanding significance of online surveys, a few inquires about have revealed its significance from the buyers viewpoints. At present, the chiefs of the accommodation business have thought of another disarray, on the off chance that it is required to react to online survey and the ways by which it very well may be finished. This article had concentrated on investigating about the online audit reactions in the top of the line rich lodgings. This particular class of inn was picked as the zone of enthusiasm for this exploration since they shed light on the individual consideration and individual collaborations, which is opposing to online correspondences. In this specific article, four-contextual analyses of grand and premium lodgings of the Western City in the US were chosen. Out of these four, two inns reacted decidedly while the other two didn't. The previous two inns reacted regularly about the online audits posted about their inn though the reactions from the other two were uncommon and unimportant. An examination was drawn between the contextual analyses to discover the procedures utilized in the extravagant lodgings to oversee online reactions and the explanations behind choosing those procedures. The investigation of the online reactions of every one of the 34-premium inns featured the extensive as sorted variety. The information introduced on the top of the line inns responded to both positive and negative surveys. From this article, it very well may be referenced that the discoveries of the exploration can be powerful for the cordiality directors to take viable choice with respect to their reaction to online audits. They can likewise concentrate on the choices accessible to them and the key issues that should be thought of. 3.The proof that was introduced by the creators was to some degree powerful in supporting the contentions since they didn't locate any past significant research on the online audit reaction of the organizations. Be that as it may, the tad of research done on the subject of online audit reactions drew out the two regions of online surveys from the clients viewpoints and the estimation of co-creation. Online audits have become a useful asset for the buyers to be utilized during the time spent dynamic. A writing survey had proposed that the observations and conduct of clients face the effect of online audit reaction though, it is reliant on the on the sort, reason and volume of audits. It was discovered in an examination paper the introduction of the clients to the online survey reactions have expanded the chance to remember the inns for their thought of dynamic. Another examination had concentrated on the positive connection between the normal audit rating and the offer of lodgings. Then again, as far as books, lower audit rating affected the book deal more than the digital books at the sites. It was additionally expressed that shoppers choice were influenced more by the nature of the survey as opposed to amount. The contention in regards to the agreeableness of online audit was centered around with the notice of the significant pretended in sharing data among the customers. The basic explanation can be the reason for mindfulness rather than straightforwardly influencing the buy choices. Online audits went about as a verbal data among the clients for expanding mindfulness and not for convincing evolving choice. Similarly, an all the more impressive impact of the online audit reaction in the less well known inns by the specialist organizations were not discovered. The effect of online survey reaction was painstakingly contended by the utilization of auxiliary sources which worried on the elective methods of obtaining data are nearly small. This may emphatically suggest on the inn business as critical in the purchaser dynamic. It very well may be recommended that the buyers ought not be considered as the uninvolved recipients of the value produced by the inns. Rather, they are the dynamic members in making the incentive by contributing with their own audits. Co-creation alludes to the double formation of significant worth by the organization and the buyer. It is a bogus thought that the associations attempt to satisfy the clients by evaluating the important administrations to the clients. The writing survey likewise centered around the requirements of including the partners to make worth by including cooperations among them. It was contended that new and inventive thoughts can be created to support up the experience and favorable circumstances of the considerable number of partners and the association will have the option to win upper hand from the consistent contribution of the individuals. End It very well may be finished up in the wake of assessing this specific article that the four contextual investigations of the lodgings were assembled to get some answers concerning their online survey reactions. There were both positive and negative surveys among the 34 lodgings that were contemplated. There were connection between's the size, positioning and administration nature of the inns that were chosen in this exploration Book index Park, S. Y., Allen, J. P. (2013). Reacting to online audits: Problem tackling and commitment in hotels.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,54(1), 64-73.

Heroes And Heroines Essay

Generally, fantasies and other old stories have followed moderately severe sex job profiles. The legends or courageous women of the story all will in general be attractive or delightful, sympathetic and kind, which consistently wins out. In the interim the scoundrels and foes are legitimately inverse in genuineness, are appalling or agonizing in nature, which shows a reasonable complexity among themselves and the legend or courageous woman, and an ever-looming decisive misfortune toward the finish of the account. In the assessment of old stories, one can see that regular parts of sex jobs can be found in pretty much every fantasy at any point made. The Brothers Grimm are notable for their assortment of fantasies and old stories writing, a significant number of which mirror these sexual orientation jobs. An examination of three of their increasingly well known works; for the most part Rapunzel, Rumplestiltskin, and The Old Woman in the Wood, show clear sexual orientation jobs and impl y the point of view of the way of life where they were made. The narrative of Rapunzel mirrors a reasonable sexual orientation job generalization ordinarily found in fantasies and fables. Rapunzel is the vulnerable lady needing sparing, taken from her family and kept to a high pinnacle by the insidious Enchantress. The Prince would be viewed as the saint of this story, discovering Rapunzel caught in the pinnacle and plotting to assist her with getting away from her jail. In any case, the tale of Rapunzel is interesting because of the way that the Enchantress banishes Rapunzel to the desert to live in wretchedness for a mind-blowing remainder and cheats the Prince into getting caught in the pinnacle also. The Prince hops from the pinnacle and at last reunites with Rapunzel, where they live cheerfully ever after. The sexual orientation jobs of this story obviously mirror the excellent (yet very powerless) female needing sparing, just as the attractive saint acting the hero. In spite of the fact that the story goes ahead and the malevolence Dâ₠¬â„¢Amico 2 Conjurer, who follows nearly to the T a female fantasy scoundrel (Rapunzel can be cited in the tale as saying, â€Å"Tell me, woman gothel, how it happens that you are such a great amount of heavier for me to draw up than the youthful king’s son?† the saint Prince Rapunzel still discover satisfaction. Rumplestiltskin additionally shows clear complexity in sexual orientation jobs, with similarâ gender generalizations as the tale of Rapunzel. In this specific story the Miller’s Daughter could be viewed as the Heroine, where she turns into the Queen and neutralizes Rumplestiltskin to spare her kid. Be that as it may, despite the fact that the Queen assumes a compelling job in the story and at last outmaneuvers Rumplestiltskin, she despite everything falls into the sexual orientation generalization of a powerless female needing sparing. At the point when her dad brings her before the King and declares she can turn gold from straw, she is basically defenseless and anticipating capital punishment that disappointment would bring. Rumplstiltskin assumes an interesting job in the story be that as it may, playing both rescuer (in any event incidentally) and at last the reprobate. According to the sexual orientation standard in the story Rumplestiltskin clears in and spares the Miller’s Daughter by helping her turn the straw to gold and keeps her from death. Rumplestiltskin changes into the lowlife when he attempts to take the Queen’s youngster, loses his wager, and decimates himself in dissatisfaction. The account of The Old Woman in the Wood turns around the built up sexual orientation jobs and is moderately one of a kind in that the defenseless character in the specific story is one the peruser wouldn’t fundamentally anticipate. The poor hireling young lady assumes the job of the Heroine in this story, where she gets associated with the predicament of a bird while tediously going through the timberland. She opens a few parts of an extraordinary tree in help of a pigeon looking for her assistance, each time accepting things, for example, food, garments, and a bed. Eventually the bird requests that her assist one with enduring time by getting a little plain ring from the place of an elderly person with a broad assortment of rings in her home in the forested areas. The hireling young lady agrees and can get the ring from the elderly person, who sets up a somewhat huge battle, before coming back to the extraordinary tree. In the wake of inclining toward the tree, it changes into a Prince who discloses to her that he had been caught by the elderly person. â€Å"You have conveyed me from the intensity of the elderly person, who is an underhanded D’Amico witch.† The sexual orientation jobs are plainly characterized here, in spite of the fact that exchanged. The Prince in this story is the defenseless individual needing sparing and the Heroine is the person who, albeit accidentally, clears in to make all the difference from the detestable witch. Indeed, likewise with pretty much every story in old stories, the couple lives cheerfully ev ery after and the witch is beaten. In spite of the fact that sexual orientation jobs in old stories and culture can possibly switch, with the two guys and females satisfying the jobs of Heroes and Heroines, pretty much every story will in general follow a similar sex job rules. The (occasionally) attractive sovereign/male spares the defenseless female from the underhanded witch or conjurer, where they live joyfully ever after. Distributed in 1812, these accounts by the Brother’s Grimm were affected by the way of life of the timeframe, which is the thing that for the most part characterized the sex jobs in every story. It is imperative to recall that most fables, in spite of the fact that around for a long time, was adjusted to fit into cultural jobs in each culture. The narratives distributed in the 1800’s mirrored the social jobs of ladies in that society as oppressed homemakers (which is the reason most stories, in any event by the Brother’s Grimm, will in general give the female a role as docile and powerless); just as their expectations and yearnings for the future, which were common in many stories including Heroines or other correspondingly enabled ladies. Works Cited Carnegie Mellon School. â€Å"The Old Woman in The Wood.† N.p., Nov.n2004. Web. . Carnegie Mellon School. â€Å"Rumplestiltskin.† N.p., Nov. 2004. Web. . Carnegie Mellon School. â€Å"Rapunzel.† N.p., Nov. 2004. Web. .

Characterization Examples

Characterization Examples Characterization Characterization-the author's method of developing the character so that we understand what he or she is like. Writers have many ways in which to develop the character. Direct Characterization refers to characterization methods by which the writer directly tells us what the character is like. This is done via direct statements by the writer regarding the personality of the character. Indirect Characterization refers to the other ways in which an author might reveal a character. We come to understand something about characters by reading about their thoughts, words, and deeds. We also learn about characters based on what other characters say or think about them. Finally, we can learn about a character's personality via the description of the character's appearance, home, job, etc. Examples of Characterization: 1. The author wants you to understand that a character is evil, so he writes a scene in which the character wears all black, keeps voodoo dolls in his basement, and steals money from a charity for children. 2. The author wants you to understand that a child has heroic capabilities, so she describes how the child was able to lift a large rock and throw it, able to run faster than all of the children in the school, and had a "sixth sense" about danger. Examples of Characterization from Literature and Film 1. In To Kill a Mockingbird, we learn that Scout is smart and perceptive for her age, but also sensitive when she goes to school able to read but the teacher is unhappy with her abilities and scolds her. 2. In The Hunger Games, we learn that Katniss is tender-hearted underneath all of her bravado-she takes her sister's place in the games and she refuses to kill Peeta. 3. In Harry Potter, Harry does not think he is anything special, so we learn a lot about Harry and how special he is to the battle between good and evil by how others react to him. 4. In Gone with the Wind, we learn that Scarlett has a strong will to survive when she is willing to marry Frank in order to save her family's plantation, Tara.

The Reality of Aristocratic Facades - Literature Essay Samples

Jane Austen uses her novels to express her disdain for nineteenth century English marital practice. She herself defied convention by remaining single and earning a living through her writing. Austenà ¢Ã‚€Â™s novels, including Emma, Pride and Prejudice, and Persuasion, frequently feature an aristocratic heroine who is torn between marrying for love or for security. While Austenà ¢Ã‚€Â™s works do not call for a classless society, they do criticize the strict class stratificationsà ¢Ã‚€Â™ effects on marriages. Specifically, Austen laments that nineteenth century English women usually married within their own social class for convenience as opposed to love and that cross-class marriages were generally discouraged. In Persuasion, we meet Anne Elliot, a bright, attractive, upper-class woman who fell in love with a sailor, Captain Frederick Wentworth. However, Anne was successfully persuaded to reject Wentworth by her aristocratic family and friends, who failed to recogniz e Wentworthà ¢Ã‚€Â™s fine character and saw only his shallow pockets. The central conflict in Persuasion is that of appearance versus reality. Anne can certainly see the superficiality that surrounds her while at Kellynch Hall with her family; however, she allow others, namely Lady Russell and her sisters, to interpret what she sees and force her to act according to their wishes. Thus, Persuasion, like several other Austen novels, deals with a young womanà ¢Ã‚€Â™s coming of age. Anne is fully mature when she acts on her own desires and acknowledges that her newfound adulthood necessitates breaking away from her shallow and delusional family.Anne was raised in Kellynch Hall, a beautiful estate shrouded in prestige, wealth, and superficiality. Her father, Sir Walter Elliot, is a vain, foolish man, who spends his days rereading the Baronetage, a genealogy of the local aristocratic families. He values appearance over all depth of character; he refuses to associate with anyon e who is not physically pleasing. Admiral Croft, who rents Kellynch Hall, comically remarks on the extraordinary number of mirrors in Sir Walterà ¢Ã‚€Â™s dressing room: à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"I should think he must be rather a dressy man for his time of life. Such a number of looking-glasses! Oh Lord! There was no getting away from oneselfà ¢Ã‚€? (114-115). While in Bath, Sir Walter obsesses about the dearth of attractive women:He had frequently observed, as he walked, that one handsome face would be followed by thirty, or five and thirty frights; and once, as he had stood in a shop in Bond-street, he had counted eighty-seven women go by, one after another, without there being a tolerable face among them. (127)Such a fascination with outward appearance severely limits Sir Walterà ¢Ã‚€Â™s prospects of finding another wife or intelligent friends and keeps him ignorant and self-deluded.Two of Sir Walterà ¢Ã‚€Â™s daughters, Elizabeth and Mary, share his passion for appearance and rank. Mary, the wife of the moderately wealthy Charles Musgrove, believes that it is her duty and right to prevent her sister-in-law, Henrietta Musgrove, from marrying Charles Hayter, who is à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"nothing but a country curateà ¢Ã‚€? and would bring à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"bad connectionsà ¢Ã‚€? (68) to her family. Mary wants to end a relationship that will make Henrietta happy simply because she sees the union as a disgrace to the Elliot family: à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"It would be shocking to have Henrietta marry Charles Hayter; a very bad thing for her, and still worse for meà ¢Ã‚€? (69). Similarly, while in Bath, Elizabeth finds herself actually à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"sufferingà ¢Ã‚€? in order to preserve the Elliotsà ¢Ã‚€Â™ wealthy appearance: she wants desperately to invite the Musgroves to dinner at her house in Bath, but she cannot à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"bear to have the difference of style, the reduction of servants, which a dinner must betray, witnessed by those who had been always so i nferior to the Elliots at Kellynchà ¢Ã‚€? (193).Austen clearly uses the theme of appearance versus reality to characterize the three Elliot sisters. She evidently believes that how a character sees others is a direct reflection of that characterà ¢Ã‚€Â™s personality. Thus, we know that Anne Elliot possesses true depth of character and sincerity because her superficial family fails to recognize her fine qualities: à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"Anne, with an elegance of mind and sweetness of character, which must have placed her high with any people of real understanding, was nobody with either father or sister: her word had no weight; her convenience was always to give wayà ¢Ã‚€? (7). Anne is clearly the only Elliot who can à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"see realityà ¢Ã‚€?: she understands her familyà ¢Ã‚€Â™s need to economize, laments the à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"elegant stupidityà ¢Ã‚€? (160) of the lavish parties that her family attends in Bath, and recognizes Maryà ¢Ã‚€Â™s frequent sickness as a call for attention. However, Anne initially suffers from great family loyalty, and is thus unable to distance herself from her superficial kin. She allows Mary to drag her to Uppercross cottage because Elizabeth reasons, à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"nobody will want [Anne] in Bathà ¢Ã‚€? (30). When she does arrive in Bath, Anne follows Sir Walter and Elizabeth to various upper-class social gatherings and shows great respect to her cousin Lady Dalrymple, whom Anne really views as a foolish noble. Anneà ¢Ã‚€Â™s maturity is thus evident when she rejects Lady Dalyrmpleà ¢Ã‚€Â™s dinner invitation in favor of visiting her old and widowed friend, Mrs. Smith, whom her father views as à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"low companyà ¢Ã‚€? and a à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"disgusting associationà ¢Ã‚€? (140).In being Anneà ¢Ã‚€Â™s genuine friend, Mrs. Smith hastens Anneà ¢Ã‚€Â™s departure from the superficial world of Kellynch Hall and acts as Lady Russellà ¢Ã‚€Â™s character foil. Unlike her shallow father and sisters, Anne is able to see past Mrs. Smithà ¢Ã‚€Â™s shabby apartment and recognize the sweet person within. Mrs. Smith gradually begins to replace Lady Russell as Anneà ¢Ã‚€Â™s confidant because Lady Russell places so much stock in à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"rank and consequenceà ¢Ã‚€? (12), that she is à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"blindedà ¢Ã‚€Â ¦to the faults of those who possessed themà ¢Ã‚€? (12). Lady Russell is an appropriately overbearing advisor to the insecure and obedient Anne that we meet initially. Anne allows Lady Russell to persuade her to reject Frederick Wentworth on the basis of his poor appearance and dearth of à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"connexionsà ¢Ã‚€? (24). Moreover, Anne is encouraged to continue seeing William Elliot because Lady Russell fails to see his deception and instead believes he has à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"knowledge of the worldà ¢Ã‚€? and a à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"warm heartà ¢Ã‚€? (131). Mrs. Smith, however, proves to be a better confidant because she sees through Williamà ¢Ã ‚€Â™s affected kindness and exposes his true intentions to Anne, thus preventing a potentially disastrous and unhappy marriage for Anne. After Mrs. Smith tells Anne of Williamà ¢Ã‚€Â™s desire to marry for a noble title, Anne reflects on Mrs. Smithà ¢Ã‚€Â™s ability to accurately gauge character: à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"Here is a line for seeing human nature; and she has a fund of good sense and observation which, as a companion, make her infinitely superior to thousands of those who having only received à ¢Ã‚€Â˜the best education in the world,à ¢Ã‚€Â™ know nothing worth attending toà ¢Ã‚€? (139). Anneà ¢Ã‚€Â™s transformation into a mature, self-governing woman, complete with a sincere friend, is clear when she acknowledges that she herself is sometimes a better judge of true character than Lady Russell is: à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"There is a quickness of perception in some, a nicety in discernment of character, a natural penetration, in short, which no experience in oth ers can equal, and Lady Russell had been less gifted in this part of understanding than her young friendà ¢Ã‚€? (219).Anneà ¢Ã‚€Â™s developing maturity, marked by her continued visits to Mrs. Smith and rejection of William Elliot, is brought to fruition by Wentworthà ¢Ã‚€Â™s declaration of love for her. As a character foil to the deceptive William Elliot, Wentworth genuinely wants Anne to be happy in marriage. When Wentworth first arrives at Uppercross, Anne is terrified, yet secretly delighted to see him again. Her continued love for him is evidenced by her frequent reflections on their past à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"hearts so openà ¢Ã‚€Â ¦tastes so similarà ¢Ã‚€Â ¦feelings so in unisonà ¢Ã‚€Â ¦countenances so belovedà ¢Ã‚€? (57). Moreover, she is mortified by their current estrangement: à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"his cold politeness, his ceremonious grace, were worse than any thingà ¢Ã‚€? (65). Even though Wentworth has become a prominent member of the Navy and amassed a sub stantial fortune, Anne still resigns herself to Lady Russellà ¢Ã‚€Â™s decision and does not pursue him. She consequently endures his growing affection for Louisa Musgrove and her own inability to change his view of her as one à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"so altered that he should not have known her againà ¢Ã‚€? (55). Wentworthà ¢Ã‚€Â™s passionate love letter, however, which declares to Anne, à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"you pierce my soul,à ¢Ã‚€? (209) stimulates Anne to mature. For the first time in almost eight years, Anne feels complete, à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"overpowering happinessà ¢Ã‚€? (209). Instead of falling prey to her self-described à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"timidityà ¢Ã‚€? and à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"feebleness of character,à ¢Ã‚€? (55) Anne decides to act on her own desires and according to her own principles by marrying Wentworth because she loves him.The discrepancy between appearance and reality that resonates through Persuasion gives rise to another theme common to Austenà ¢Ã‚€Â™s novels: the corr upting effects of wealth. Characters in Austenà ¢Ã‚€Â™s works who possess excessive, inherited wealth, such as Sir Walter Elliot, often suffer from megalomania. However, Austen distinguishes between the heir, represented in Persuasion by Sir Walter Elliot and William Elliot, and the self-made man, represented by the men of the Navy. Captain Wentworth, Admiral Croft, Captain Benwick, and Captain Harville are all incredibly kind and genuine men. In contrast to Sir Walterà ¢Ã‚€Â™s insistence that the tenant of Kellynch Hall not use his à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"pleasure-groundsà ¢Ã‚€? (18), Captain Harville opens his house up to the entire Musgrove party after Louisaà ¢Ã‚€Â™s accident. Austenà ¢Ã‚€Â™s harsh portrayal of male aristocrats may stem from her own somewhat feminist views on women and marriage. She clearly believed that women are as intelligent and capable as men are. Thus, she was undoubtedly appalled at the nineteenth century English law passing all inheritanc e to a male heir. Persuasion, then, may mark Austenà ¢Ã‚€Â™s attempts to marry her own radical views on women and marriage with those of the nineteenth century feminist movement.

Definition and Examples of Putative Should in English

In English grammar, putative should is the use of the word should in contexts that indicate surprise or disbelief, or that refer to the occurrence (or possible occurrence) of some situation or event. This usage differs from the should of obligation (i.e., the mandative should). As noted by Randolph Quirk et al., putative should (also called emotional should) occurs in that clauses after expressions of emotion (sorrow, joy, displeasure, surprise, wonder, etc.), and is often accompanied by intensifying expressions such as so, such, like this/that, ever, or at all (A Comprehensive Grammar, 1985). In addition, putative should  occurs in subordinate clauses as an alternative to the subjunctive after expressions of suggesting, advising, etc.: They insisted that I (should) stay the whole week (Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, 1994). Putative should is more common in British English than in American English. Also Known  As:  emotional  should, attitudinal  should, hypothetical  should, subjunctive  should Examples Major Green gently nodded and then briefly glanced through the same porthole, behind which the Earth lay static and diminutive, no bigger than an average football. The oddest thing for me is that people should be living there at all! he exclaimed on a softly humorous note. (John OLoughlin, Millennial Projections, 1983)It is surprising that you should find this practice shocking, since you French cut off the heads of your King and Queen. (Rebecca West, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon: A Journey Through Yugoslavia, 1941)I know its a little strange, a little bit of a contradiction, that a far-seeing place should also be a basement place, but thats how it is with me. (Stephen King, Stephen King, On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft. Scribner, 2000)It seems a great shame you should have to pay for what Albert and Clara did. (Arnold Bennett, These Twain, 1915)It is sad that you should talk such nonsense, and sadder that I should have to listen.(Ferdinand Canning Scott Schiller, Studies in Humanism , 1912)Peter Walsh, who had done just respectably, filled the usual posts adequately, was liked, but thought a little cranky, gave himself airs—it was odd that he should have had, especially now that his hair was grey, a contented look; a look of having reserves. (Virginia Woolf, Mrs. Dalloway, 1925) Adjectives With Putative Should The adjectives anxious, eager, and willing are followed by a that-clause with putative should or the subjunctive. Adjectives expressing concepts concerned with modality or volition (Quirk et al 1985: 1224) also belong to this group. Examples are appropriate, essential, important, vital. Adjectives which can be followed by a verb phrase in the that-clause with either an indicative verb phrase or one with putative should express emotions. Examples are afraid, angry, hopeful, inconceivable, odd, sad, sorry, surprised, surprising. (Ilka Mindt, Adjective Complementation: An Empirical Analysis of Adjectives Followed by That-Clauses. John Benjamins, 2011) Factual Should In most of its uses, should is to be found in contexts which are either counterfactual (as in You should be in your office at this time of day, which presupposes ...but you are not in your office) or tentative (as in You should give up smoking, which contains a presupposition approximately paraphrasable as ...but Im not sure you will give up smoking). In some cases, however, should is used in contexts which—at least apparently—contain no negative implication. These contexts, which may be called factual, seem to contradict the hypothesis that -ed always expresses a presupposition of unreality. (Most factual uses of should concern what is often called putative should—see, for instance, Quirk et al...The coincidence of the two categories, however, is only partial.) (Paul Larreya, Irrealis, Past Time Reference and Modality. Modality in Contemporary English, ed. by Roberta Facchinetti, Manfred G. Krug, and Frank Robert Palmer. Walter de Gruyter, 2003) Jespersen on Emotional Should We may use the term emotional should for the use of should in passing a judgment of an emotional character (agreeable or disagreeable surprise, indignation, joy) on some occurrence which may, or may not, be a fact. A sentence like Why was the date omitted? is a mere factual question, but Why should the date of the document be omitted? implies wonder and, possibly, some suspicion of the purity of the motives. Compare further: Where the divell should he learne our language? (Sh.). Why should they try to influence him? [I see no reason] Someone asking for you. Who should ask for me? Similarly, these examples show use in clauses: It is not good that the man should be alone (AV). It was quite natural that the Russians should hate their oppressors. Why should she have done so, I can hardly tell. It is strange that she married (or has married) such an old man merely states the fact; It is strange that she should have married such an old man lays more stress on the strangeness by using the imaginative should in the clause. (Otto Jespersen, Essentials of English Grammar. George Allan Unwin, 1933) Also See Conditional Clause  and  Conditional SentenceConfused Words:  Should  and  Would

Jackie Robinson and Race in America A Brief History with Documents Free Essay Example, 1750 words

His moderate character and the ability to accept rudeness and aggression with a smile makes him an outstanding person and a player. Sporting News expressed admiration by the Robinson`s outstanding efforts in adjustment to racial pressure but underlined the fact that all baseball players should be evaluated according to their skills primarily and not according to their skin color (Zeiler, 2013). Jackie Robinson contributed greatly to the establishment of equal civil rights in America. During his successful career in baseball he understood his role as a spiritual leader and became involved into social movements for equal rights for Afro-Americans. Robinson could show that colored people should be treated in the same way as white despite of how difficult it may seem. He was one of the first black spokesmen who came to the House Committee on Un-American Activities to express himself on his topic of interest. In his speech Robinson underlined his intentions to fight against race discrimi nation and to establish democratic society. Jackie also addressed to the Presidents of the USA claiming that Negros have the legitimate law stated in the constitution to be treated equally and asked Eisenhower to assist Afro-American minority in this goal. We will write a custom essay sample on Jackie Robinson and Race in America: A Brief History with Documents or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Robinson also communicated to Kennedy whom he asked to guarantee Martin King`s safety after a horrible murder of Medgar Evers. Thus, Robinson`s active citizen`s position was articulated to the public, he found enough courage to address to the Presidents of the state as he felt that he was investing in democracy establishment and moral and equal rights restoration. As a businessman himself, Jackie Robinson, considered it necessary to fight for equal business opportunities for Black people. Many colored businesses were thriving but Robinson along with other leaders fought for shared markets. In his speech he called for business and industry support of Afro-Americans desire to become equal citizens and to earn respect. Moreover, Robinson aimed to encourage Afro-American minority to fight for equality, underlining that there is no more ways to tolerate injustice. The initiative of integration was supported by the mayor of New York who pushed it either b y influence of a black sportswriter Sam Lacy or out of his own will. In the report submitted by Baseball Committee it was stated that Negros integration into major baseball league is inevitable and complicated at the same time. Several problems, such as trainings in the South states and team collaboration were highlighted in the report.

Analysis Of The Movie Twilight - 1222 Words

In the movie Twilight, the protagonist Bella Swan, a teenager in high school, risks everything to fall in love with the handsome vampire, Edward Cullens. The story sets in Forks, Washington, where Bella moves in with her father, Charley. Bella’s life stays calm and dull until she meets the vampire family which turns her life up-side-down. Edward Cullens and Bella Swan fall in love with each other at first sight. The love between immortal is not easy; conflicts arise with the interference of werewolves and human. As time bypasses Edward and Bella’s relationship goes through different stages which leads to their marriage and the birth of their daughter, Renesmee Cullens. The initiation stage normally takes plus or minus six seconds. This is when the first impression between the two individuals are made. Bella Swan and Edward Cullens are at the initiation step when they met each other in Forks High School’s cafeteria. Edward, along with the rest of the Cullens, walk s in through the door and Bella spots her eye on the bright, gorgeous vampire. It took them less than ten seconds to realize there are something different with each other. However, they did not start a conversation. The experimentation stage, which is also called uncertainty reduction, is when the two individuals ask questions to understand each other a little more. This often determines whether a long term relationship works between the two people. Bella and Edward are at the experimentation stage when they areShow MoreRelatedTwilight Movie Analysis937 Words   |  4 PagesGabrielle Law Dr. Savoy PSY 376-501 10 November 2017 Bella’s Development Young adults go through many changes during their adolescent developmental years, including cognitive, emotional, and social development. Isabella Swan, the main character of the movie Twilight, shows the audience a great visual representation of how she goes through emerging adulthood. 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Internal Sources Of Finance Are - 1491 Words

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Depending on the time, external sources of finance available to the companies can be divided into 3 main types: Short –term finance-can be used for short periods of time up to one year to cover fluctuations in cash flow (trade credit, bank overdraft, factoring, bills of exchange) Medium-term finance- those sources that a company should pay back in 1 to 5 years (bank loans, hire purchases, leases, credit sale).Choosing loans for medium term financing from companies mean that they have to pay interest and may also have to show they have enoughShow MoreRelatedInternal Sources Of Finance And Finance Essay2349 Words   |  10 PagesInternal sources of finance: Internal sources of finance are funds that arise from within the business such as profits as they can be retained to grow the finance and selling assets. Retained profit Retained profit is the money kept in the company after paying dividends. It is used to reinvest in the business or to pay debt. 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What is capital market? â€Å"Are places where companies which need long term finance can meet investor† (business study guide, p120) P1.1- Identify the sources of finance available to new business you have chosen. Every business needs finance of money to invest; there are a number of ways

Procrastination of Hamlet Essay Example For Students

Procrastination of Hamlet Essay Hamlets Delay Everyone contains a tinge of Hamlet in his feelings, wants, and worries, and proudly so, for Hamlet is not like the other tragic heroes of his period. He stands apart from other Shakespeares heroes in his today much discussed innocence. Is this supposed tragic hero maybe an ideal hero one without the tragic flaw, which has been a part of the formula for the tragedy since the Golden age of Greece?; is a question that has been the field for many literary critics battles. The main, and, most often, the only flaw that has been attributed to Hamlet is his delay. This seems to constitute the central part in Hamlet. Critics seem to cling to this detail, as if trying to save the status of Hamlet as a typical Elizabethan tragedy of revenge. By the definition of tragedy, there should exist a flaw in the character of the main hero, who is a great personality that is engaged in a struggle that ends catastrophically (Stratford, 90). If Hamlet had no flaw, what kind of tragic hero is he? No doubt, Hamlet is a tragical drama, for it has many characters from the top ending up losing their lives. But the play wouldnt lose its tragic tone if Hamlet was a an ideal hero instead of tragic one, which is exactly the case. If just all critic realized this, maybe today we wouldnt have that much trouble trying to decipher Hamlets character, just like Elizabethan audience never raised any questions concerning Hamlets delay. It was only in the last two centuries, that the audience and their perceptions have drastically changed, which causes this confusion concerning the character that was created by Shakespeare for common people, some ignorant ones among them, perhaps. Hamlet is like a soldier that is thrown into a war where he has to do some things he rather would avoid doing, but under the given circumstances he bites his teeth and carries himself well (Stratford, 128). In this war, the circumstances brought on by Claudiuss murdering of King Hamlet are Hamlets enemy. His dead father is the destroyed country, painful truth which leaves so much hatred and resentment in his heart. Being a loyal prince and son, and one whom entire kingdom respected, he should seek revenge and bring justice back in the royal court. The whole play would be very simple if this murdered was an open assassination. But no, Shakespeare made sure that this assassination was secret, that no one, except maybe Claudius, knew about it. This puts in a completely different context the play that was written by Thomas Kyd, a play titled Ur-Hamlet, which Shakespeare used as a basis for his Hamlet (Grebanier, 111).This way, Shakespeare accomplished very different development of action, and ultimately one of the best plays in the history. Along with that, Shakespeare created disagreement concerning reasons why Hamlet waited so long before killing Claudius. A careful reader can notice that more than two months pass between Hamlet being told by the Ghost about the evil deed, and Hamlet following through his plan. One can argue that from this follows that Hamlet procrastinated, having that one flaw being passive, not daring to act. But Shakespeare never payed attention to this time interval. An audience wasnt aware of it, because Shakespeare didnt want it to be the rather large time interval was of no consequence, and truly one cannot notice this without a conscious calculation (Grebanier, 179). More critics, especially during popularity of Freud, have tried to explain Hamlets delay exclusively from psychological point of view. But how can one psychologically analyze a character that doesnt exist in physical world; whose existence is dependent merely on his actions and reactions to the events and other characters from play? J. Dover Wilson summarized it by saying that Hamlet is a character in a play, not in history (Weitz, 107). From the point of view of these critics, it follows that character preceded the plot, thus shaping it for its needs. But Shakespeare, not to mention all the other play writers, followed Aristotelian view that drama is imitation of life, of the actions of man. .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 , .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 .postImageUrl , .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 , .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795:hover , .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795:visited , .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795:active { border:0!important; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795:active , .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795 .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7e8e6e4ce9ceb27d75249f04dd781795:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Divine Secrets Of The Ya Ya Sisterhood Essay Paper Plot is a .

Social criticism Essay Example For Students

Social criticism Essay The play is set in Edwardian England and aims to expose the social criticisms of the time. Just before World War 1, with the Titanic, an apparently unsinkable ship, ready to set sail, on her first voyage in a few weeks, which as we now know, did actually sink. This possibly showing the upper class arrogance, that they were far superior to any other person. The play begins with the Birlings celebrating the engagement of Sheila their daughter, to a wealthy young man, Gerald Croft. The Birlings appear to be a reasonably joyful family but they are so involved in themselves that they fail to notice that anything that is going on around them until an inspector calls. Inspector Goole cleverly visits the family while they are celebrating the engagement in a cheerful mood. This could signify that the upper classes are too busy having a good time and not thinking about the rest of the world, that they have to be brought back to reality by something horrible happening; in this case, the death of Eva Smith, a working-class girl. This demonstrates that Priestly is criticising the upper classes for being too involved with themselves to care about other people. One of the most obvious points that Priestly criticises about us as humans, is that everyone wants to pass the blame onto other people, which is mirrored by the Birlings who all pass the blame for Evas death onto someone else when they are questioned. They all make actions without thinking, but then start to regret it. The first person to start off Eva Smiths cycle of misfortune was Mr. Birling, when he sacked Eva from her job at his factory because she lead a group of girls who asked for a pay rise. Mr. Birling told the Inspector, Eva Smith was one of them. Shed had a lot to say far too much so she had to go. This shows how expendable Mr Birling thinks, that his workers are in his power to do as he says and it is his duty to get rid of the workers that cause trouble, or potentially start something that may osculate into something far worse. Mr. Birlings attitude demonstrates perfectly how selfish, and unsympathetic the upper class at the time were. Even though he has more plenty of money, Mr. Birling still tries to keep the running costs of the factory down and obviously doesnt place much value on the workers he employees. He was selfish by trying to keep money within the family. Priestly criticises this aspect of human nature, that we cant accept any responsibility for other people, or for our own mistakes. Although Mr Birling says that he cannot accept responsibility, he seems to know that it is perfectly possible that he does hold some responsibility. He says, If we were all responsible for everything that happened to everybody wed had anything to do with, it would be very awkward. After being sacked, Eva got a job at Milwards, but also got fired from there. After an encounter with Mr. Birlings daughter; Sheila. Shelia was jealous of how pretty Eva was, when wearing a hat, and complained to the manager, saying that Eva had been rude to her. Sheila admitted to the inspector that she had acted very childishly and had not thought of the consequences of her actions, regretting it later. Sheila was able to get Eva sacked because of her position in society, whereas Eva, who was of a lower class than Sheila, and was therefore not able to stand up for herself. .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 , .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 .postImageUrl , .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 , .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871:hover , .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871:visited , .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871:active { border:0!important; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871:active , .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871 .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue1c9398566630611852ce1308dfdd871:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tragic hero EssayPriestly is trying to convey the message that we all have a collective responsibility for everyone else, by saying that if the Birlings had not have done the things they did, Eva may not have committed suicide. Status is another important issue raised in the play. Sheila was only able to have Eva Smith fired, simply because she was of a higher class than Eva. In 1912, when the play was set, class was a major issue among society and everyone was placed in definite class boundaries. Mrs. Birling says, I dont suppose for a moment that we can understand why the girl committed suicide. Girls of that class-, displaying, appropriately, the attitudes of the people in higher classes towards those in lower class. Mrs. Birling, is the head of an establishment that helps women who are in distress, but she only does it so that she is seen to be giving something back into society, this is purely because she is trying to look like she is a caring, upper class woman. When Eva was pregnant, she went to Mrs Birlings charity for financial aid. Eva, without knowing, used Mrs. Birlings name, Mrs. Birling, appalled by the girls cheek, decided not to help her. She was dismayed that a girl of that status would imagine to use the name Birling. Mrs Birlings lack of regard for people shows that she can only be the head of the establishment because all she wants is power, not because she cares for people, and is consequently not worthy of this role within the establishment. Mrs Birling is a prime example of women during this period. Similar to her husband, she believes that she is superior, due to wealth and thinks this qualifies her to be respected, held in awe and make judgments on peoples lives as she so wishes. When the inspector questions Mr Birling, he keeps trying to show his status and use this to keep him out of trouble. A good example of this, is that Mr Birling repeatedly tells the inspector about his contacts within the police force. Mr Birling says, I ought to warn you that Colonel Roberts is an old friend of mine, and I see him fairly frequently, which sounds as if he is trying to blackmail the inspector into leaving. He quite obviously thinks rather highly of himself, and that his contacts with other persons makes him far more superior than any other person, and this will keep him out of harms path. Another theme within the play is appearance more than anything, Mr. Birling was worried about there being a public scandal, and doesnt want everyone to know about their visit from the inspector. He does not seem particularly bothered or uneasy about the death of Eva Smith. Similarly, Mrs. Birling refuses to consider that Eric could even drink, and only believes what she wants too. Within the Birling family there is a lot of lying going on. Firstly, Eric lies to his mother so that he can get out of the house to fulfil his drinking urge. Mrs. Birling fails to acknowledge to herself that there is anything wrong with Eric, as she is frightened that it could ruin her or her husbands reputation. The Inspector says that, Public men, Mr. Birling, have responsibilities as well as privileges. Mr. Birling is so concerned about not ruining his good reputation that he needs someone to tell him this. Gerald also lies to Sheila about his affair with Daisy Renton, but because he is honest about it when the Inspector asks him, so she forgives him for being honest about it when questioned, rather than trying to cover it up. .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f , .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f .postImageUrl , .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f , .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f:hover , .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f:visited , .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f:active { border:0!important; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f:active , .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud6653656d06636c0b4ee1cc78007a66f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Comparison of The Red Room and The Cask OF Amontillado EssayNear the end of the play, the Birlings learn, via a phone call, that Inspector Goole does not really exist, and that a girl did not really die. Instead of learning from what the inspector had taught them, they decide to forget about what they did to the girl and commemorate. Here Priestly is highlighting the point that often people do not learn from their mistakes. The most significant message Priestly is trying to convey is that that there are those in honoured positions in society who have power, and abuse it. Priestly uses the Inspector as a guide, to help pin point our conscience to make us aware of this misconduct. The privileged people in society often take advantage of those with a lower status or those of less importance than themselves, such as Eva Smith who was a working class girl trying hard to make a living. But was being used as more of a tool rather than a human to make money for the person who would abuse there power, by discarding her when she became of no more use to them. Priestly is trying to show that this is what will continue to happen in society if we do not learn from our mistakes. Between the years when the play was set and the play was written; 1912-1945, the country experienced World Wars, unrest, Depression, the atomic bomb, fascism and the Holocaust. By 1945 it was possible to look back and see that a full circle had taken place, that an uncaring society had helped each other to survive the devastation of wars and worse. This emphasises on the point of how significant it is that we care for each other and do not just think of ourselves, but instead help others who are in more need than ourselves. The play is unquestionably a social assessment, criticising the class system, the attitudes of the rich towards the poor, the way society tries to shift blame to others and the insincerity of people. Society puts on a disguise, that Inspector Goole broke down, by exposing the Birlings to make them realise and aware about the effect their actions had towards other people and making them aware that in reality and effect, everyone is equal, no matter of social standing or role in society.

The Great Awakening Essay Example For Students

The Great Awakening Essay The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, tells one womans story of her attempt to awaken to her true wants and desires for her life. When Edna Pontellier spends the summer on Grand Isle, she begins to think beyond the role of wife and mother that she has played so far. She begins to think of herself as a separate person with independent thoughts and feelings. Her transformation is difficult and she has great trouble deciding what she really wants in life. Edna attempts to discard all of the traditional values of her life to find her independence. Confused by the new feelings these experiences bring, Ednas awakening is a failure because she does not have the necessary skills to become independent. Despite her attempts to change and embrace a new life, Edna is defeated because of her weaknesses that are symbolized in her art, the water, and her relationships with men. We will write a custom essay on The Great Awakening specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now One of the first ways that Edna begins to find her inner self is through her painting. She definitely shows some talent as an artist and throws herself into this new self expression. She spends time painting rather than spending time with her husband, children and acquaintances from the past. Even as her artistic talents develop, art becomes a symbol of failure for Edna. Edna does learn to express herself and assert her self through her art. Even though Edna learns to live through her paintings, Madame Reize sees becoming an artist as a test. She believes that becoming an artist is a test of individuality. Edna fails that test because her wings are too weak to fly with her new life. Another symbol of Ednas defeat in the novel is the water. Edna blindly struggles to leave behind the conventions of society and her own life. She first begins her transformation while at the beach. The water shows her desire to change and flow with her life instead of being stuck in the life that she has. Each time she becomes unsure of her new path, she returns to the water to reconnect with the flow that she wants to create. Ultimately, however, the requirements of change become too great for her, and Edna is defeated by the process. When she realizes that she cannot make the necessary changes in her life she returns to the water to end her life. The water and her drowning show how Edna is in over her head and cannot tread any longer to stay afloat. A third symbolization of defeat for Edna can be found in her relationships with men. As she develops more relationships with men besides her husband, Edna believes that she is growing and becoming more self aware. She confuses her relationship with Robert for developing awareness and liberation. However, she is only trading one dependence for another. Her desire for Robert makes her leave her family, but what she needs is to be more self reliant, not just reliant on another man. When Robert realizes that the relationship is becoming serious for Edna, he backs off and leaves her. She thinks she is becoming more independent, but she is still consumed by the need to be attached to a man. Edna fails because she does not develop an independent relationship with herself. Instead she just trades one romantic relationship for another. The Awakening is a novel about change and the strength needed to fully change and become self aware. Edna tries her best to change into a more evolved and independent woman. Because of her weakness and inability to let go, she fails in her transformation. Even though she achieves some independence form her husband, Edna cannot move beyond her mixed emotions about her love for her children and her love for her new found freedom. Rather than evolving, she comes off as a spoiled and selfish woman, unable to cope with the responsibilities of her life. .u49c870093df54a60a641d8d678061c7e , .u49c870093df54a60a641d8d678061c7e .postImageUrl , .u49c870093df54a60a641d8d678061c7e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u49c870093df54a60a641d8d678061c7e , .u49c870093df54a60a641d8d678061c7e:hover , .u49c870093df54a60a641d8d678061c7e:visited , .u49c870093df54a60a641d8d678061c7e:active { border:0!important; } .u49c870093df54a60a641d8d678061c7e .clearfix:after { content: ""; di splay: table; clear: both; } .u49c870093df54a60a641d8d678061c7e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u49c870093df54a60a641d8d678061c7e:active , .u49c870093df54a60a641d8d678061c7e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u49c870093df54a60a641d8d678061c7e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u49c870093df54a60a641d8d678061c7e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u49c870093df54a60a641d8d678061c7e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u49c870093df54a60a641d8d678061c7e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-r adius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u49c870093df54a60a641d8d678061c7e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u49c870093df54a60a641d8d678061c7e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .u49c870093df54a60a641d8d678061c7e .u49c870093df54a60a641d8d678061c7e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u49c870093df54a60a641d8d678061c7e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: American Religious Movements Essay

How to Write a Sample of Business Law Essay

How to Write a Sample of Business Law EssayIf you have ever taken law school or otherwise pursued a law degree, you will probably have to write a sample of business law essay. This article will offer some helpful tips on how to write a sample of business law essay. Read on to find out more.The first thing you should do before you even write the sample of business law essay is to determine whether or not you have a law degree. If you do, and you want to write a sample of business law essay, then you will also want to determine whether or not you have any experience with law. You will also need to understand that not every law student who is in the professional law profession is writing the sample of business law essay. There are many exceptions to the rule, but you can still follow the guidelines below.First, you should get yourself familiar with the things you can talk about in your law-related classes. These may include things like a particular court case, a legal term, a specific s tatute, or a complex legal problem. Know what you can and cannot talk about in these classes. After you have gotten a feel for this, go online and look up some sample essays you can read and start talking about. This will give you a good idea of what you will be able to talk about when you are writing your sample of business law essay.Next, you will want to get yourself some practice in writing your sample of business law essay. You can begin by simply reading the sample essay over again. In fact, it would be a good idea to actually read your essay over several times just to get a sense of what it will look like and how many times you will need to read it. In addition, you can start doing research on some of the topics you are going to cover when you are writing your sample of business law essay.For example, if you are writing a sample essay on how to get away with murder, you can begin by researching various state and federal laws about death penalty cases. You can also begin by le arning the basics of the technical side of the law such as how a jury decides whether a defendant is guilty of murder, and how a judge and jury decide guilt and innocence. Of course, you should not forget the attorney and lawyer's role in the legal process. This is the place where you will need to get your training.As mentioned above, this is not necessary for someone with a law degree. However, if you are not yet a lawyer, this is a good time to get a first taste of the legal process. Of course, you should never underestimate the power of a good sample essay. It will really help you to learn some basic things about the law so that you will be better prepared to answer questions in the future.If you have a law degree and are planning to pursue a career in the legal profession, you may want to study some law books. These books will give you a better understanding of the legal system and will give you an idea of the questions you will be asked when you are writing your sample of busin ess law essay. You may also want to take some online law classes to learn some additional things about the law.You will probably also want to get your law degree at some point in the future. By learning some basic things about the law, you will have the confidence you need to be more successful in the legal field.

The importance of health assessment in understanding patients The WritePass Journal

The importance of health assessment in understanding patients The importance of health assessment in understanding patients IntroductionCase scenarioAdvanced nursing health assessmentHealth historyPhysical examinationBody mass indexCOPD assessment testMedical Research Council( MRC) Dyspnoea ScalePhysical examination of ChestInspectionPalpationPercussionAuscultationMental stateConclusionReferenceRelated Introduction As stated by Weilitz Potter (2007), â€Å"Health assessment is the process of gathering, verifying, analyzing, and communicating data about a patient.† (p. 5). This sentence shows that health assessment is essential for fully understanding the situation of a patient. In the following passage, there is a case study to discuss which kind of health assessment can be used in order to provide a better nursing care for a patient. Case scenario Mr Wong, aged 58, arrived at my ward with his wife. He was sweating and coughing. He had a difficulty of breathing and a wheezing sound was heard. After 15 minutes of rest, he felt better. He explained that while he was chasing a bus with his wife, he felt breathlessness and dizzy. He did not recovered after resting for awhile on the street so his wife brought him to the hospital. Mr Wong was a retiree for a year and he was a constructive worker before. He explained that retirement was because of not enough energy for daily work. He had smoked for over 30 years, one and half pack of cigarette per day, and had 5 cans of beer every week. He was obese and had medical history of hypertension for 5 years with own medicine. He was married and lived with his wife in an old building. He was fatigued when climbing up the stairs as well as walking for awhile. Due to the fatigue, he reduced the social activities and stayed most of his time at home. He complaint of not having a good sleep because of night cough (on-and-off for a year) and kept coughing with production of sputum for a year. Besides, he had respiratory track infection more frequently in this year. In recent 2 months, he had poor appetite and lost 8 pounds. During the conversation, Mr Wong usually needed a rest for answering every 3 questions. He looked tired and had deep circles under his eyes. His lip was dry. He was upset about the fatigue and felt useless of himself. He said that his quality of life was affected and lost interest of his previous hobbies. He did not have any social activities in this year nearly. Mr Wong had a low grade fever and blood pressure was around 145/90. His pulse was around 110. He had taken a chest X-ray after admission and the result was pending. He took the test of spirometry and FEV1 was between 40-50%. His 12-lead ECG was normal. 2-liters of oxygen was given through nasal cannula. He always sat up and seldom leaving the bed. Mr Wong was diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). When Mr Wong arrived, I took vital signs of him as a baseline. His weight as well as height were recorded. Then I took the health history by an interview. The interview was started with the main complaint of Mr Wong. After that I took the past health status. They were medical history, done surgery, medication history, food and drug allergy. The lifestyle and health practice of Mr Wong were also asked. It included different areas. Smoking and drinking must be included as both were the risk factors of COPD. From his diet, hobbies and activity level, I needed those information for discovering the reasons of weight loss and obesity of Mr Wong. I also asked Mr Wong if he had constipation while if he felt breathless during passing stool and bathing. After the interview, I held a physical examination for Mr Wong. There were 2 parts, inspection and auscultation. I measured the respiratory rate and rhythm and observed the shape of his chest and any central or peripheral cyanosis. Auscultation was followed. I recorded the abnormal sounds like wheezing. Advanced nursing health assessment In the case of Mr Wong, a very simple and brief health assessment was done. It was unsatisfied because the health assessment was not completed and informative. The following passage is going to provide more health assessment and methods which can improve the case of Mr Wong. Health history The interview of Mr Wong was too brief. More questions should be asked. First of all, Mr Wong’s family history should be reviewed as COPD can be inherited (CMP Medica, 2007). More information of his blood relatives such as patients, grandparents and children has to be obtained. Nurse can find out any rare illness among the families which may relate to respiratory disease (Barnett, 2006). Secondly, Mr Wong work history should be also assessed. Since he was a constructive worker, he usually exposed to the chemical irritant. The nature and the environment of his work directly regard to COPD. Nurse needs to identify any personal protective equipment he used as well (Weilitz Potter, 2007, p.157). Thirdly, information regarding home conditions is important to establish how Mr Wong coped at home. As he was living in an old building, the building may be without a lift or with many stairs. It is possible for Mr Wong having difficulty to go out or it may be the reason of reducing social activities (Barnett, 2006). Fourthly, nurse has to question Mr Wong’s sleeping pattern as he did not sleep well because of night cough. Nurse should document how many hours he slept and why he could not sleep well. Sleeplessness or limited sleep may lead to tiredness and inability to cope with daily activities. By knowing the cause, doctor and nurse can treat the night cough of Mr Wong to deal with the insomnia. And they can prevent giving treatment with night sedative due to the side effects, which may depress the respiratorycentre(Barnett, 2006). Physical examination The physical examination includes different parts which can give a complete picture of Mr Wong’s condition. They will be introduced one by one, from simple to complicated. Body mass index From the article of Shepherd (2010), it states that â€Å"Nutritional depletion in patients with COPD is common and has negative impact on respiratory and peripheral muscle function.†(p.559). As Mr Wong had poor appetite and lost 8 pound in 2 months, the body mass index (BMI) should be recorded for follow-up. Nurse has to find out causes of weight loss and deals with those problems efficiently. COPD assessment test COPD assessment test is a simple questionnaire. It is used to measure the impact of COPD on the life of patient, and how this changes overtime. By this test, nurse takes it as a reference to improve the treatment. The test contains 8 questions. They are the frequency of coughing, if he feels any mucus in his chest, if his chest feels tight, if he feels breathless when climbing up hills or stairs, if he is limited doing any activities at home, if he is confident leaving his home despite his lung problem, if he sleeps soundly, if he has lots energy(GlaxoSmithKline, 2009). Medical Research Council( MRC) Dyspnoea Scale Measurement of breathlessness is essential for a COPD patient. The Dyspnoea Scale of MRC allows patients to grade their breathlessness on a scale of 1-5 according to activity carried out. The degree of breathlessness related to activities is from grade1-5 which means from mild to severe. It acts as a baseline and is useful for monitoring purposes for nurses and doctors (Barnett, 2009). Physical examination of Chest Through the process mentioned in above passages, nurse can receive higher proportion of basic information about Mr Wong’ condition. In the coming passages, several techniques which focus on chest are going to introduce. There are 4 physical respiratory examination, inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation. Although inspection and auscultation were applied in the case of Mr Wong, they were imperfect. Inspection Inspection consists of several parts. For the case of Mr Wong, nurse mainly focus on the inspection of breathing pattern, use of accessory muscles and positioning (Weber Kelley, 2010). Nurse needs to observe the rate, depth and rhythm of respiration. If these factors are abnormal, they represent the increasing workload of breathing. The pattern of respiration should be recorded if there is any special such as tachypnoea, hyperventilation, Cheyne-Strokes respiration, Biot’s respiration†¦etc. It allows the doctor giving particular treatment (Massey Meredith, 2010). Abnormal posture shows the patient may have difficulty in breathing. Mr Wong always sat up or leaned forward because he can better tense the respiratory muscle and contractility (Massey Meredith, 2010). In addition, using of respiratory muscles (trapezius, or shoulder) helps inspiration especially chronic airway obstruction (Weber Kelley, 2010). Nurse should pay more attention and provide suitable nursing care (such as oxygen supply, suction, removing tight clothes†¦etc) when above symptoms occur. Palpation Palpation for tenderness and sensation can determine whether there is inflammation, muscle sore or infection. It can be performed by one or both hands following the sequences. It should be started towards the midline at the level of the left scapula then the nurse moves her hand from left to right. The moving is systematically downward and out to cover the lateral portions of the lungs at the bases. The nurse should compare the finding bilaterally. The nurse can also check if there is mass or tumor (Weber Kelley, 2010). During the palpation, a crackle sensation may be sensed which means crepitus. This sensation is because of air passing through fluid and exudates in the lungs. Fremitus should be assessed. It is a vibration of air movement through the chest wall. It can be increased, decreased or absent which represent different lung problem like consolidation or bronchial obstruction, pulmonary edema, pneumothorax†¦etc (Weber Kelley, 2010). Percussion Percussion has 2 main functions, determining the tone as well as the diaphragmatic excursion. When nurse percusses the chest wall, the sound produced can show whether lung tissue is filled with air, liquid or solid. Same as palpation, a sequence of percussion should be followed. The process is started at the apices of the scapulae then across the top of both shoulders. Next, nurse percusses the intercostals spaces across and down. Finally, she moves from the lateral aspects at the bases of the lung (Weber Kelley, 2010). By comparing the sound of percussed areas, nurse may discover the lung mass or other respiratory problems (Weilitz Potter, 2007). Measuring the diaphragmatic excursion is also important. Emphysema may be a cause of limited diaphragmatic descent. Auscultation For auscultation, breathing sound is not the only element to assess. The voice sound can also be assessed. It is easy that nurse auscultates the chest wall while she asks the patient to repeat pronouncing â€Å"ninety-nine†. This is the way to identify if there is consolidation from pneumonia, atelectasis, or tumor (Weber Kelley, 2010). Mental state For the patient with CODP, they usually reduce the daily activities like Mr Wong did. The patient may not use to the changes of the quality of life( é† «Ã©â„¢ ¢Ã§ ® ¡Ã§ â€ Ã¥ ±â‚¬,2010). Closely observation and listening to the patient are the easiest and useful ways to assess the mental state of the patient. If there is any abnormal, the condition should be recorded and report to the senior nurse. Conclusion In this article, some health assessment tools and techniques are suggested for a CODP patient, Mr Wong. There is no traumatic procedure involved. However, the results of different examination can give large amount of information of the patient’s body condition. And this is essential for the clinical staff to improve the clinical decision making in order to provide better treatments for the patient. Reference Barnett, M. (2009). An overview of assessment and management in COPD. British Journal of Community Nursing, 15(5), 195-201. Retrieved March 12, 2010, from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.ouhk.edu.hk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?hid=104sid=ada13567-52a0-4268-b952-fd290eadc7a3%40sessionmgr104vid=3 Barnett, M. ( 2006). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care. United Kingdom: New York John Wiley Sons, Ltd. CMP Medica (2007)。《ç„ ¡Ã¨  ²Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¦ ® ºÃ¦â€°â€¹Ã¥Å¡ ´Ã©Ëœ ²Ã¦â€¦ ¢Ã©Ëœ »Ã¨â€š ºÃ§â€"…》〔å ° Ã¥â€ Å Ã¥ ­ Ã£â‚¬â€¢Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ© ¦â„¢Ã¦ ¸ ¯Ã¯ ¼Å¡CMP Media Pacific Limited。 GlaxoSmithKline. (2009). COPD assessment test. Retrieved March 12, 2010, from catestonline.co.uk/test/index.htm Massey, D, Meredith, T. ( 2010). Respirator assessment 1: Why do it and how to do it?. British Journal of Cardiac Nursing, 5(11), 537-541. Retrieved March 12, 2010, from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.ouhk.edu.hk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?hid=17sid=ada13567-52a0-4268-b952-fd290eadc7a3%40sessionmgr104vid=4 Shepherd, A. ( 2010). The nutritional management of COPD: an overview. British Journal of Nursing, 19(9), 559-562. Retrieved March 12,2010, from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.ouhk.edu.hk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?hid=104sid=ada13567-52a0-4268-b952-fd290eadc7a3%40sessionmgr104vid=3 Weber, J, Kelley, J. (2010). Health assessment in nursing(4th ed.). New York: Lippincott Williams Wilkins Weilitz, P. B., Potter, P. A. (2007). Pocket guide for health assessment(6th ed.).Missouri: Mosby Elservier.